1 题型描述

这种题型会给出一些包含文中部分信息的句子，考生需要从文章中辨别出那些段落包含 题中所给的信息，并把代表段落的字母和相应的句子相匹配。有的段落可能包含题目中给出 的止一种信息，有的段落可能没有包含题目中的任何信息，且题目中信息出现的顺序与文章段落先后的顺序毫不相关。

题目所给的句子是对原文某些信息的转述或不同程度的概括，因此本题考查考生对原文 细节部分的信息进行识别、提炼和概括的能力。但总体来看，本题型还是考查考生寻找细节 的能力，不管是小的细节还是大的细节。

2 解题步骤

• Step 1:迅速浏览题目，标出所有题目的关键词（若句子中有数字、大写的词、连体词、 斜体词等较容易辨别的词我们把它们优先作为信号词），并联想与关键词所有相关的词，包 括近义词、反义词、下义词和同根词等。
• Step 2:带着信号词或关键词以及所能想到的关键词的相关词回到原文中顺序阅读，注 意寻找信号词，关键词和关键词的同根词。
• Step 3:当在原文中找到某个题目的信号词或关键词后仔细阅读该词所在的段落部分， 确定该部分与题目中所给的信息相照应。

 

1. 如果文章有标题和副标题的话，建议先浏览一下标题的内容，了解文章的主题。
2. 如果题目比较多，可以先阅读文章的首、尾段，然后再阅读题目，一般可以做出一 两道题，由此减少记忆负担。

3 题型示例

Questions 1-7

Reading Passage 1 has six paragraphs, A- F. Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter A -F, in boxes 1 ~7 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.

1. a reference to the exchange of expertise between different sports
2. an explanation of how visual imaging is employed in investigations
3. a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity
4. how some AIS ideas have been reproduced
5. how obstacles to optimum achievement can be investigated
6. an overview of the funded support of athletes
7. how performance requirements are calculated before an event

首先我们划出每道题目的关键词。找关键词时，跟所有细节题一样，如果有比较容易辨认的词，如数字、大写的词等时，我们要优先把它们作为关键词，如果没有的话，我们要找每个小题中的中心词和相对比较具体的词。

1. 第1题中关键短语是exchange of expertise，而expertise指“专门知识或技能”，它的近 义词有knowledge和skills,另外一个关键词是different sports,这时我们就需要想想sports所有的下义词，当文中出现不同体育运动之间的技能转换的时候，我们就可以确定是该信息 出现的位置。
2. 第2题中explanation和investigation是比较概括的词，在文中可能不会直接出现，比较 重要且相对具体的词有visual imaging,还有动词employ，文中可能会以employ的同义词出 现，如apply，use等，因此我们在这里把visual imaging作为关键词，所有与这个词组相关 的词我们都需要仔细阅读。
3. 第3题的意思是“缩小研究活动范围的—原因”，narrowing the scope也就是focus on one or two aims。
4. 第4题中有一个很明显的大写的词AIS,我们直接把它作为关键词，另外还有一个关键 的动词 reproduce,它的近义词有 copy，duplicate, replicate 等。
5. 第5题中关键词是obstacles to optimum achievement，即“达到最佳表现的障碍”。
6. 第6题中的关键词是funded support,我们要想想所有跟fund有关的词汇。
7. 第7题中关键词组是before an event,即“在一场比赛开始之前”。现在开始阅读文章。由于 题目中的信息在文中是乱序出现，我们就必须逐段阅读文章，同时注意题目涉及的具体信息。

READING PASSAGE 1

Australia’s Sporting Success

A They play hard, they play often, and they play to win. Australian sports teams win more than their fair share of titles, demolishing rivals with seeming ease. How do they do it? A big part of the secret is an extensive and expensive network of sporting academies underpinned by science and medicine. At the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS)s hundreds of youngsters and pros live and train under the eyes of coaches. Another body, the Australian Sports Commission (ASC), finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmen and women. Both provide intensive coaching, training facilities and nutritional advice.

分析：这一段我们注意到与fund相关的一个词finances，sportsmen and women的同义表达 是 athletes，provide intensive coaching, training facilities and nutritional advice 表不 support，因此我们可以确定本段包含第6小题的信息。

B Inside the academies, science takes centre stage. The AIS employs more than 100 sports scientists and doctors, and collaborates with scores of others in universities and research centres. AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in one – such as building muscle strength in golfers – to others, such as swimming and squash. They are backed up by technicians who design instruments to collect data from athletes. They all focus on one aim: winning. “We can’t waste our time looking at ethereal scientific questions that don’t help the coach work with an athlete and improve performance,says Peter Fricker, chief of science

分析：本段虽然多次出现AIS，但是却没有出现与第4小题相关的内容。然而在本段的第3 行我们可以发现skills和多项运动项目像golfers，swimming, squash。同时包含这些词 的句子说“把一种运动中学到的技巧应用到另一种”，因此本段包含第1小题中的信 息。我们再继续往下看发现有一个focus on one aim，即“只集中一个目标”，后面是 AIS机构中的一个领导人给出的原因，因此本段还包含第3小题中的信息。

C A lot of their work comes down to measurement-everything from the exact angle of a swimmer’s dive to the second-by-second power output of a cyclist. This data is used to wring improvements out of athletes. The focus is on individuals, tweaking performances to squeeze an extra hundredth of a second here, an extra millimetre there. No gain is too slight to bother with. It5s the tiny, gradual improvements that add up to world-beating results. To demonstrate how the system works, Bruce Mason at AIS shows off the prototype of a 3D analysis tool for studying swimmers. A wire-frame model of a champion swimmer slices through the water, her arms moving in slow motion. Looking side-on, Mason measures the distance between strokes. From above, he analyses how her spine swivels. When fully developed, this system will enable him to build a biomechanical profile for coaches to use to help budding swimmers. Mason’s contribution to sport also includes the development of the SWAN (SWimming ANalysis) system now used in Australian national competitions. It collects images from digital cameras running at 50 frames a second and breaks down each part of a swimmer’s performance into factors that can be analysed individually – stroke length, stroke frequency, average duration of each stroke, velocity, start, lap and finish times, and so on. At the end of each race, SWAN spits out data on each swimmer.

分析：本段出现3D，images等与visual imaging相关的词汇，而且本段提到它们利用搜集到 的图像来分析运动员的细微的运动表现，因此本段包含第2小题中的信息。

D “Take a look” says Mason, pulling out a sheet of data. He points out the data on the swimmers in second and third place, which shows that the one who finished third actually swam faster. So why did he finish 35 hundredths of a second down? “His turn times were 44 hundredths of a second behind the other guy，’’ says Mason. ‘‘If he can improve on his turns, he can do much better.” This is the kind of accuracy that AIS scientists’ research is bringing to a range of sports. With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athlete’s clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete’s ability to run_ There’s more to it than simply measuring performance. Fricker gives the example of athletes who may be down with coughs and colds 11 or 12 times a year. After years of experimentation, AIS and the University of Newcastle in New South Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune-system protein immunoglobulin A is present in athletes’ saliva. If IgA levels suddenly fall below a certain level, training is eased or dropped altogether. Soon, IgA levels start rising again, and the danger passes. Since the tests were introduced, AIS athletes in all sports have been remarkably successful at staying healthy.

分析：本段的开头给出两位位于比赛第二名和第三名的运动员的表现数据，并指出实际上位于第三名的运动员游得更快，但为什么落后于第二名呢，是因为转身的速度慢了。接着说是如何利用一些特殊的技术手段来发现影响运动员发挥的因素的。在本段的后面又出现了 any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete’s ability to run，因此我们可以确定本段包含第5小题中的信息。本题稍微有些难度，需要读懂文中的部分关键信息。

E Using data is a complex business. Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a “competition model”，based on what they expect will be the winning times. “You design the model to make that time,” says Mason. “A start of this much, each free-swimming period has to be this fast, with a certain stroke frequency and stroke length, with turns done in these times: All the training is then geared towards making the athlete hit those targets, both overall and for each segment of the race. Techniques like these have transformed Australia into arguably the world’s most successful sporting nation.

分析：本段开头的第二句出现了一个短语before a championship。championship是“冠军赛” 或“锦标赛”的意思，是event的近义词，而第7小题中正好包括before an event。接着往下读可以发现，体育科学家们开发了一种competition model来计算获胜的时间。因此本段包含了第7小题中的信息。

F Of course, there’s nothing to stop other countries copying – and many have tried. Some years ago, the AIS unveiled coolant-lined jackets for endurance athletes. At the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996，these sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists “and rowers” times. Now everyone uses them. The same has happened to the “altitude ten广，developed by AIS to replicate the effect of altitude training at sea level. But Australia’s success story is about more than easily copied technological fixes, and up to now no nation has replicated its all-encompassing system.

分析：本段出现了 AIS，而且还出现copying，replicate等reproduce的近义词，因而本段包含第4小题中的信息。