1 雅思写作犯罪类观点论据：犯罪的原因

1.1 贫穷

A.没有钱B.他们的生活无法被保障C.犯罪

背景：国家没有好的福利系统，保证不了基本的生活

解释：为了活命举例：打劫、盗窃和卖毒品

commit crime 犯罪

benefits system 福利系统

maintain a basic standard of living 维持基本的生活 标准

get money to make a living 获得钱

One reason why some people commit crime is that they do not have a job or any source of income. If the country does not have a good benefits system, they will not be able to maintain a basic standard of living. They have to commit crimes, such as robberies, theft or selling drug, to get money to make a living.

1.2 社会不公，报复社会

A.贫富差异 B.因为他们觉得不公平 C.报复社会

背景：贫富差距越来越大，国家没有帮助穷人的机制

解释：人们感觉非常不公平，十分愤怒

解释：感到绝望，他们维持不了基本生活，所以就会犯罪。

economic divide, a wide gap between rich and poor, economic disparity,贫富差距

feel unfair, inequitable感觉不公平，不平等

anti-social behaviour反社会行为

The widening gap between rich and poor may also lead to some criminal activity as people feel unfair and resentful. The country does not have policies of income redistribution to use part of the wealth of the upper class to support those living on low income. Disadvantaged people feel hopeless, as they struggle with basic needs. They may commit offences, such as damaging public properties, to vent their anger.

1.3 教育缺失

行为： A.教育忽视小孩的行为，获得教育机会有限，B.不知道行为标准，C.犯罪

背景：他们可能是贫困出身或者不知道什么是好行为和不好的行为。

• 解释：他们辍学，没有学习任何的法衛规。
• 解释：他们也不知道他们犯了会有什么后果，低估了犯罪的后果

limited access to education 没有机会接受教育

behavioral norms 行为准则

Another main reason is that people do not have access to education and they do not know behavioral norms. They may be from deprived backgrounds and unaware of what is right or wrong behavior. They may leave school early without attending lessons to learn about laws. They do not know what consequences they will have to face if they break the law, or underestimate the consequences of committing crimes.

1.4 基因缺陷

行为：A.基因，B.决定了脾气性格等，C.犯罪

• 解释：某些人大脑掌管情绪的部分有缺陷
• 解释：比较容易动怒，缺乏通情的能力

manage emotions 掌控情绪

lose temper 发脾气

empathize with…理解别人的感受

show empathy 通情

Genetics can be a predictor of criminal behavior as it determines one’s temperament and character. One section of the human brain is responsible for managing emotions, but some people are born to suffer from some emotion-handling deficit. They have difficulty in controlling anger and in empathizing with others. This is why they are predisposed to violence.

1.5 缺少家庭关怀

家庭：A.家庭的疏忽，B.他们可能没有获得家庭的关心和照顾，没有管教 C.犯罪

背景：家长太忙了

解释：犯罪的人没有学习行为规范，因为家长太忙了没时间教他们规则的重要性

解释：孩子可能在学校有不良行为，比如说霸凌，对同班同学大吵大闹，甚至引起更严重的攻击

negligent parents 不好好管理孩子的父母

discipline children 管教孩子

offensive behaviour 攻击 的行为

law-breaker 犯罪分子

inappropriate behaviour

behave poorly 不端行为

strict discipline

Negligent parents are also to blame for the offensive behavior of the younger generation. The law-breakers may not learn boundaries of behavior in formative years, possibly because their parents are too busy to teach rules or not aware of the importance of discipline. Children may behave poorly at school, and inappropriate behavior such as bullying, yelling at classmates and cursing eventually evolves into serious offences, if not corrected by adults.

1.6 模仿媒体暴力

媒体：A接触暴力的信息，B模仿，C犯罪

解释：暴力的行为，发泄情绪

解释：低估暴力的行为的影响

violent content/image 暴力的内容，图片

copy aggressive behaviour/acts of violence 模仿攻击性行为/暴力行为

release emotions释放情绪

overlook consequences忽视后果

The increased exposure to violence in the media is possibly another factor contributing to crime. People play games and watch films which contain violent imagery. They may gradually recognize violence as an acceptable way of releasing negative emotions and settling conflicts, or they may overlook the consequences of acting violently.

2 雅思写作犯罪类观点论据：预防犯罪的方法

2.1 加强立法

A刑罚，b震慑，C减少犯罪

解释：刑法让人们有可能没有自由，所以他们会三思后行

解释：他们不想待在监狱里面，不能过正常的生活，因此选择不犯罪

a prison sentence/term,坐牢

have a deterrent effect, deter crime 对犯罪有震慑作用

A prison sentence can be an effective way to reduce crime, as it can serve as a deterrent for those would be law-breakers. The likelihood of losing freedom can make people think twice before violating laws. Some of them will not risk spending a number of months in jail without living a normal life, thereby choosing to obey laws.

2.2 加强教育

A教育，B提高就业能力，C减少犯罪

解释：教育让孩子理解可接受的和好的行为，向老师学校规则，教科书和指导

解释：―个受过教育的人能找到令人满意的工作，如果他们能获得高分，过得舒适，就不会犯罪了。

improve employ ability 提高教育能力

better employment outcomes 更好的就业结果

The most desirable preventative measure against crime is possibly education, as schools improve skills and impart the code of conduct. Children can have a good understanding of acceptable and desirable behavior, learning from school rules, textbooks and instructions of teachers. More importantly, well-educated people can find a satisfying job easily, if they achieve high grades at school and gain a university degree. If they live comfortably, they will never think of committing crime.

2.3 社区服务

A适合初犯、小的犯罪，青少年犯罪, B提升责任感，避免犯罪记录的影响，C减少犯罪

背景：社区月晓适合年轻的罪犯，初犯，青少年罪犯

解释：通过做社区服务，比如：打扫街道，清除涂鸦。他们会有成为社区一员的骄傲感。

解释：这种方式不会阻碍罪犯的事业，因为他们还能继续上学，也能像其他没犯罪的人一样找到工 作。

first-time offenders 初犯

petty crimes 轻微罪行

juvenile delinquency 青少年犯罪

foster a sense of responsibility 提高责任感

criminal record 罪记录

Community service is possibly a solution to crime as it fosters a sense of responsibility and minimizes the consequences of a criminal record on one’s career. This is ideal for first-time offenders, law-breakers under the age of 18 and those who commit petty crimes. By doing unpaid work for community, such as cleaning streets and removing graffiti, they will develop a sense of pride as meaningful members of community. Meanwhile, this kind of punishment does not threaten their career as they can still attend school and find work like law-abiding citizens. This can prevent re-offending.

2.4 提升安保措施

A提升保安措施，B震慑犯罪，C减少犯罪

解释：装摄像头可以震慑人们犯罪，因为他们会被摄像头拍下来，作为成功起诉的证据。

解释：如果警察在街上巡逻，尤其是携带武器，可以对罪犯起震慑作用。

surveillance cameras 摄像头

security cameras 监视摄像头

increase visibility of police officers 增加警察的可视性

arming the police 武装警察

equipping the police with weapons 警察携带武器

The improvement of security measures is another method to fight crime. The increase in surveillance cameras can deter people from breaking laws, as their images caught by cameras are used as evidence for successful prosecution. If more police officers patrol on streets, especially when equipped with weapons, it can also have a deterrent effect on offenders. People would understand that they cannot get away with the offences they commit.

3 雅思写作犯罪类观点论据：立法的好处

震慑犯罪，减少犯罪率

have a deterrent effect on potential criminals, reduce crime

Imprisonment has a deterrent effect on potential criminals. It is an effective method to reduce crime.

保护守法的公民，不会受到犯人的侵害，特别是那些累犯（很难改变他们的行为）

protect law-abiding citizens, recidivist, reform their behaviour

Keeping criminals in prison can help protect law-abiding citizens from crime, especially the harm inflicted by recidivists, who cannot be reformed easily.

4 雅思写作犯罪类观点论据：再教育/再培训/社工的好处

提高技能，罪犯可以找工作，重复犯罪的可能性降低，特别是给了年轻人改过自新的机会

improve job skills, find jobs, be less likely to reoffend, the younger generation

Young offenders who have opportunities to improve job skills can find jobs despite having a history of bad behavior. They are less likely to reoffend.

减少和一些累犯的接触，年轻人

avoid contact with repeat offenders

This can prevent their contact with repeat offenders.

让罪犯懂得法律责任和社会责任，以后重复犯罪的机会下降

be aware of legal and social responsibility, violate laws

People who know legal and social responsibilities are less likely to violate laws.

避免犯罪记录对年轻人以后重入社会产生影响

reduce the impact of the criminal record on young people, reintegrate into society

Another advantage of education and training is that it can reduce the impact of the criminal record on young people when they attempt to reintegrate into society.