1 雅思写作科技科研类观点论据：现代农业

1.1 现代农业技术的好处？

1.1.1 促进经济发展

解释：化学肥料的应用和高产作物的发展，加快了粮食作物的生长，从而提高了产量。同时，化学 物质可以用来延缓水果的成熟并延长新鲜农产品的保质期，因此农民生产的食物更有可能被送至喰客手中， 而不是腐坏或腐烂。最后，转基因食品的发明，如抗虫害和干旱的食品，可以增加丰收的机会。粮食生产 和销售得越多，个人和企业会挣钱越多。

boost the economy,application of chemical fertilisers, the development of high-yield crops,speed up the growth of food plants, increase crop yields,delay ripening of fruit ,extend the shelf life,be delivered to , be resistant to pests and droughts, increase the chance of good harvests

Technological advances in farming and food production can boost the economy. The application of chemical fertilisers and the development of high-yield crops, for example, speed up the growth of food plants, thereby increasing yields. Meanwhile, chemicals can be used to delay ripening of fruit and extend the shelf life of fresh produce, so the food produced by farmers is more likely to be delivered to eaters, rather than being spoiled or rotten. Finally, the invention of GM food, such as those resistant to pests and droughts, can increase the chance of good harvests. If more food is produced and sold, individuals and businesses can certainly make more money.

1.1.2 解决粮食短缺

解决粮食短缺问题，增加选择性，提高生活水平

解释：现代饲养方法，如在有限空间圈养动物，可以防止能量损失，保证所有农场产肉率增加。这种措施可以稳定食品供应量并解决世界性的饥荒。另外，新品种食物，如无籽瓜和人造肉等，增加了饮食的多样性。此外，食品运输和制冷服务及设施可以远距离、跨区域向消费者提供食品。这些在满足胃口的同时， 也帮助我们建立了均衡的饮食。

address the food shortage, give people more choices, contemporary farming methods, keep animals in small enclosures, prevent energy loss, deal with food security issues, fight hunger worldwide, add more choices to our diet, food transportation, refrigeration services and facilities ,travel long distances to, satisfy our appetite for food, have a balanced diet

The increase in food production can also address the food shortage and give people more choices, thereby improving the standard of living. Contemporary farming methods, such as keeping animals in small enclosures to prevent energy loss, can ensure that more meat is produced by every farm. It can deal with food security issues and fight hunger worldwide. Additionally, the creation of some new food varieties, such as seedless melon and some man-made meat products, can add more choices to our diet. What’s more, the development in food transportation and refrigeration services and facilities allow food to travel long distances to consumers in different regions. It not only satisfies our appetite for food but also helps us to have a balanced diet.

1.1.3 降低粮食成本

先进农业技术，降低食物成本。

解释：转基因技术已成功培育出具有特殊性能的新品种，如抗病毒、抗虫、抗寒、耐盐、耐碱等。因此， 食物可以在恶劣的条件下生产。更高的食物产量可以稳定甚至降低食品成本，降低大都数消费者的生活成 本。

lead to lower food prices, transgenic technology, cultivate new species ,virus and pest-resistant, cold-resistant, salt and alkali-resistant, harsh conditions, cut food costs ,reduce the cost of living

The innovations in food technology can also lead to lower food prices. Transgenic technology has successfully cultivated new species which have special qualities, like virus and pest-resistant, cold-resistant, salt and alkali-resistant. It means that food can be produced in harsh conditions. Higher food yields can help stabilize or even cut food costs for most consumers, reducing the cost of living for them.

1.1.4 有利环境保护

环境：农业先进技术，减少对自然资源的使用

解释：一些创新的耕作做法可能有利于环境。这些做法减少了对土地等自然资源的使用。例如，室内农业 和无土壤农业不使用可耕地，却可以供应食物。这意味着农民不需要清理土地和砍伐树木来耕作。同时， 集约化耕作等方法也可以减少土地的使用。

innovative farming practices, be beneficial to the environment, reduce the use of natural resources, indoor farming and soil-free farming, arable land, clear land and cut down trees, intensive farming

Some innovative farming practices can be beneficial to the environment. These practices reduce the use

of natural resources, such as land. For example, indoor farming and soil-free farming can provide food without using arable land. This means that farmers do not have to clear land and cut down trees for farming. Meanwhile, methods such as intensive farming can also reduces the use of land.

1.2 现代农业技术的弊端？

1.2.1 环境：破坏、污染环境

解释：人造化肥和农药在农业中的大量使用会引起土地退化，这些有毒物质也会污染地下水源。食物生产 中使用的机械和不同的交通工具会增加排放。集约农业会增加能源消耗，因为动物供暖会消耗更多电能。 更让人心忧的是转基因植物的栽培会减少作物多样性，因为人们逐渐舍弃传统作物。这对生态系统的影响 是不可估量的，因为基因库会从根本上发生改变。

cutting-edge agricultural technology , damage and pollute the environment,massive use of man-made
fertilizers and pesticides , cause land degradation, pollute underground water sources ,machinery and
different means of transportation,increase emissions , increase energy consumption, keep animals warm,cultivation of GE crops, reduce diversity of crops, change the gene pool fundamentally

On the other hand, cutting-edge agricultural technology can damage and pollute the environment. The massive use of man-made fertilizers and pesticides in farming can cause land degradation, and toxins can pollute underground water sources. Machinery and different means of transportation used in food production can increase emissions. Intensive farming can increase energy consumption, as more electricity is used to keep animals warm. An even more worrying problem is the cultivation of GE crops, which can reduce diversity of crops, as people gradually abandon those conventional plants. The effect on the ecosystem is immeasurable as the gene pool can be changed fundamentally.

1.2.2 可能对身体有害

解释：在植物和动物生产过程中使用的化IB和农药这些有毒物质或者抗生素等，会导致毒素残留在植物或 动物体内，从而引起食用者食物中毒。而有些转基因生物产品也可能含有有毒物质和过敏源，会对人体健 康产生不利影响，严重的甚至可以致癌或导致某些遗传疾病。

do harm to, chemical fertilizers and pesticides , toxic substances or antibiotics, poisoning of food users, genetically modified biological products, contain toxic substances and allergens, have adverse effects on human health, cause cancer or lead to certain genetic diseases
Another negative effect is the possible harm the modern technology may do to human beings. Chemical

fertilizers and pesticides used in the production of plants and animals, such as toxic substances or antibiotics, will cause toxins to remain in plants or animals, which will lead to poisoning of food users. Some genetically modified biological products may also contain toxic substances and allergens, which may have adverse effects on human health, and may even cause cancer or lead to certain genetic diseases.

2 雅思写作科技科研类观点论据：机械化

2.1 机械化的好处

2.1.1 物价下降

收入和生活质量：A机械化B大枇量生产C价格下降

解释（B-C):公司不用请这么多人，人力费用下降

解释（B-C):用于生产所需产品的费用，包括电下降

解释（C的好处）：同样的钱，可以买更多东西，提高生活标准产品竞争力，对经济有一定的好处

mass produced, labour cost, electricity bills, manufacturing costs

One benefit of using machines is that products can be mass produced and prices can drop, which can benefit consumers and the whole society. Because of mechanization, companies do not need to hire many employees, and the labour cost declines. Meanwhile, manufacturing costs, including electricity bills, will also be reduced. This means that consumers can purchase more goods with the same amount of money, and enjoy an improvement in the standard of living. A drop in the production costs can also make products more competitive, thereby contributing to economic growth.

2.1.2 企业利润上升

经济：A机械化，B提高效率，产品质量，降低成本，减少雇佣，C企业利润上升

解释（A-B):机器可以比人类工人更准确、更有效地执行重复的任务，这意味着自动化工厂可以比依赖人 类劳动的工厂更快地完成订单，创造更多的收入。

解释（A-B):机器24小时运转，不像人一样感到疲劳和负面情绪，所以机器制造的产品通常比手工制造 的质量更高。

解释（A-B):机械化允许公司雇佣更少的人，从而降低劳动力成本，增加公司利润。

maximise the profit, the running cost, repetitive tasks, automated factory, fill orders, human labour,machine-made products, made by hand, labour cost, increase corporate profits

Mechanization can maximise the profit of companies by enhancing production efficiency, improving product quality and cutting the running cost. Machines can perform repetitive tasks more accurately and efficiently than human workers, meaning that an automated factory can fill orders faster and create more revenue than a plant relying on human labour. Meanwhile, machines operate 24/7 without experiencing fatigue and negative emotions like human beings, so machine-made products are normally of higher quality than those made by hand. Finally, mechanisation allows firms to employ
fewer people, thus reducing the labour cost and increasing corporate profits.

2.1.3 工作效率更高

A机械化，B完成工作更快，C更多时间去休闲，发展自己的兴趣爱好

解释（A-B):机器由程序控制，可以24小时工作

解释（C的拓展）：工作不会压力很大，可以保持健康，幸福感更强

解释（C的拓展）：和工作相关的事故会减少，减少医疗系统的费用

complete work, leisure activites, develop hobbies, stressful work, experience a sense of well-being, work-related accidents, the medical system

Another advantage is that machines are able to complete work efficiently and people have more time to do leisure activities and develop hobbies/interests. Machines can operate 24 hours a day as they are controlled by programmes. These machines can free people from stressful work, so workers can have more leisure time and experience a sense of well-being. As people have more leisure time to relax and
cope with fatigue, work-related accidents will decline and the spending on the medical system will be
reduced.

2.1.4 促进科技创新

A机械化，B人们不用作那么多重复性工作，C科技创新

解释：A机械化B人们不用做那么多重复性工作C科技创新 (A-B):由于机器处理手工工作，人们可以花宝贵的时间读书，获取知识，进行实验，检查工作程序和测 试他们的创造性想法。这些都为科技创新铺平了道路。

(A-B):企业可以使用他们曾经用来雇佣员工的资金进行研发。这些公司将有更多的发明。

technological innovation, manual work, carry out experiments, creative ideas, research and development

Mechanization can free people from doing repetitive work, which can help to contribute to their technological innovation. As machines take care of manual work, people can spend their valuable time reading books, gaining knowledge, carrying out experiments, examining work procedures and testing their creative ideas. All these tasks pave the way for scientific and technological innovations.

Additionally, enterprises can use the money that they once used to hire workers for research and development. These companies will have more inventions.

2.2 机械化的弊端

2.2.1 失业率提升

A机械化，B很多人失业，C对经济有影响

解释（a-b):机器很少犯错，自动化工厂只需要几个人就可以管理 解释（B-C):消费力下降，公司利润会下降 解释（C的拓展）：很多人的生活水准会下降

lose jobs, in the short run, an automated factory, cut jobs, public consumption, damage/hurt the economy, hurt the standard of living

On the other hand, one possible consequence of mechanization is that some people may lose jobs and unemployment may have an impact on the economic growth in the short run. Machines hardly make mistakes and an automated factory only needs several workers to manage; therefore, companies can cut jobs. Public consumption decreases and companies create less revenue, thereby damaging/hurting the economy. It can hurt the standard of living of those people who are unable to retrain for new employment.

2.2.2 失业导致的治安问题

A机械化，B很多人失业，C治安不是很好

(A-B)在机械化时代，大量的机器可以代替人工操作，因为它们的产量更高，性能更好。工厂工人可能 会失去工作，如果他们没有受过良好的教育，他们就无法再培训去接受市场上的其他职位。

(B-C)如果失业率大涨，很可能会引起民众强烈不满，甚至会导致他们有反社会的行为，这会引起社会的 动荡和不安。

have a negative impact on/ manual operation/factory workers/ lose jobs/job requirements/ repetitive work/ jobless rate/ unemployment rate/ anti – social behaviour/ social unrest

Mechanization may be a threat to public order since it may make many people unemployed. In the era of mechanization, a large number of machines can replace the manual operation, due to their higher output and better performance. Factory workers may lose their jobs, and if they are not well-educated,
they are not able to retrain for other positions in the job market. A higher unemployment rate may even result in an increase in anti – social behaviour and cause social unrest as jobless people are unhappy with the standard of living.

2.2.3 传统手工艺消亡

A机械化，B很多传统手工艺会消失，C影响产品多样性

解释（A-B):与大量生产的产品相比，许多传统手工艺品可能要花费更长的时间和更多的成本来生产，所 以生产成本可能更高，利润可能更小。

解释（A-B):对于消费者来说，他们可能更喜欢购买机器制造的产品，这些产品通常可以以较低的成本获 得。由于工匠和技术人员无法谋生，他们将放弃生计，手工制作产品的技能将消失。市场上的定制产品将 会减少。

hand-made products, mass-produced products, production cost, earn a living, give up livelihoods, make products by hand, custom-made products

Mechanisation will threaten traditional hand-made products as well as the skills involved in making these products. Compared with mass-produced products, many traditional handicrafts may take a longer time and cost more for production, so the production cost may be higher and the profit may be smaller. As for consumers, they may prefer to buy the products made by machines, which are normally available at a lower cost. As craftsmen and technicians fail to earn a living, they will give up their livelihoods and the skills of making products by hand will die out. There will be less custom-made products available in the market.

 

3 雅思写作科技科研类观点论据：太空探索（月球、火星、太空旅行）

3.1 太空探索的好处

3.1.1 科技创新

A.投资太空科技，B.促进科研水平的提升，促进科学进步，C.有助于探索以后出现的科学难题和将 这方面的研究运用到我们的生活

解释（A-B):像登月、空间探索和发送火星探测器等太空科技需要高水平的科技科学知识 举例：设计可以让宇航员在外太空安全工作的航天器 解释（C的结果）：科学发明创造也可以用于商业用途

举例：用来制造在外星球恶劣条件下使用的探测器的材料，现在已经运用于地球上一些精密机器的制作

• moon landing 登月
• space exploration 空间探索
• send rover to Mars 发送火星探测器
• in the outer space在外太空
• in harsh conditions在恶劣的条件下
• sophisticated machines精密机器

Investing in space missions help to promote scientific progress. Space missions such as moon landing, space exploration and sending rover to Mars require a high level of technological and scientific knowledge, such as the design of spacecrafts that allow astronauts to work safely in the outer space. The discoveries and inventions of scientists can be used commercially. For example, the material used in making probes which can function in harsh conditions on another planet is now applied for the production of sophisticated machines on earth.

3.1.2 带动就业

A.投资太空科技，B提供相关就业机会，C对经济有帮助

解释（A-B):有许多技术人员和工程师的工作就是支援太空项目 举例：发射火箭和协助空间站工作。

解释（A-B):在将来，如果能够经常给富人游客提供太空旅游，就会有许多相关工作需要招募工作人员。

• space tourism, space tour 太空旅游
• a wide range of tasks —系列任务
• launch a rocket 发射火箭
• provide assistance to space stations 协助空间站工作

The investment in space missions can also create employment, especially when space tourism has the potential to evolve into an industry. There are many technicians and engineers working to support a wide range of tasks related to space projects, such as launching a rocket and providing assistance to space stations. In the future, if space tours are organised regularly for rich tourists, more people should be recruited to fill relevant positions.

3.1.3 文明延续

A投资太空项目，B找到宜居星球，C让我们的文明持续下去

背景：我们的地球在未来的某一时刻可能会因为核战争和小行星撞击而毁灭。

解释（A-B):为世界末日做准备是明智的，那么寻找地球的替代品就是第一步。

举例：比如，有一些国家在评估移居去火星的可能性，他们相信在那里可以找到水源来維持人类生存。 解释（B-C):艺术品，文物，庄稼还有动物都可以送去这个新星球，以保证可以把它们留给后人。

• find a habitable planet 找到一个宜居星球
• sustain our civilisation 延续我们的文明
• at some point 在某一时刻
• nuclear wars 核战争
• anasteroidcrash 小行星撞击

The spending on space science is also justified by the fact that it is part of our effort to find a habitable planet to sustain our civilisation. There are concerns that our planet can be destroyed at some point in the future, possibly by nuclear wars and an asteroid crash. It is advisable to prepare for the doomsday, and searching for an alternative to the earth is the first step. For instance, some countries are evaluating the possiblity of migrating to Mars, where they believe they can find water to support human habitation. Artworks, culturally significant objects, crops and animals can also be sent to the new home planet to ensure they can be preserved for future generations.

3.2 太空探索的弊端

巨额经费影响人们生活

A.投资太空科技，B影响人们生活质量，C很难得到民众的支持

背景：人们不理解投资太空科技的意义，比如说发送月球探测器。这样的项目需要花很多年才能达到其目 的。

解释（A-B):在太空科技上耗资过多会造成其他方面的预算縮减，比如教育和医疗。

解释（B-C):这会影响人们的生活质量。

• finance space programmes 资助太空项目
• land a probe on moon 发送月球探测器
• achieve its purpose 达到目的
• the standard of living 生活质量

Sometimes it is difficult to garner support from the public when the government intends to finance space programmes. People do not understand the implications of the investment in space missions, such as landing a probe on moon. It can take many years for a programme to achieve its purpose. Investing too much money in space missions will cause a drop in money available for other areas such as education and medical services. It can also affect the standard of living.

4 科研领域投资

4.1 加大科研投资的好处

4.1.1 促进经济发展

A国家投资科学，B创新，新产品的幵发，提高产品生产率，质量，C促进经济的发展

(A-B)技术创新可以支持新产品的开发。技术创新可以提高生产效率和产品质量。

(B-C)这些最先进的技术可以为公司和国家创造收入。并且开发这些技术的企业在国际市场上具有较强 的竞争优势，为国家带来经济效益。

• boost the country’s economic development 促进国家经济的发展
• technological innovations 科技创新
• state-of-the-art technologies 最先进的技术
• create revenue 创造收入
• favorable competitive advantages 有利的竞争优势
• international markets 国际市场
• economic benefits 经济利益

Government investment in science and technology can help to boost the country’s economic development. Scientific research lays the foundation for technological innovations, which can support the development of new products, such as medicine, machines and gadgets. All these state-of-the-art technologies can create revenue for companies and a country. Meanwhile, technological innovations can improve productivity and the quality of products of manufacturers, as machines are invented and systems are optimised. Companies which develop these technologies have favorable competitive advantages over competitors in the international markets, yielding economic benefits for the country.

4.1.2 提高人民生活水平解释

A政府对科学投资，B解决一些问题，C改善人们生活水平

(A-B)技术可以利用这些知识来处理一些问题，医学研究和突破，找到新的能源来源，发展食品科学和 技术。

(B-C)提供更有效的药物和医疗设备，甚至延长人们的寿命。保护环境，使地球更宜居。提供更广泛的食 品选择，并通过增加粮食产量来解决饥荒。

• persistent problems 持续的问题
• medical research 医学研究
• healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式
• effective drugs 有效的药物
• medical equipment 医疗设备
• life span 寿命
• fatal diseases 致命疾病
• effective chemotherapy for cancer癌症的有效化疗
• green technology环保科技
• new sources of energy 新能源
• fossil fuel consumptions 化石燃料的消耗
• a wider range of food options 食品种类的选择
• improve their quality of life改善他们的生活质量
• tackle famine解决饥荒问题
• increase foodyields增加粮食产量

Government spending on science and technology is also justified by the fact that technology helps to improve people’s living standards. Scientific research can advance our knowledge of the physical world, while technology can tap into such knowledge to deal with some persistent problems which have affected us for decades or centuries. Another example is medical research as well as breakthroughs, which will increase people’s knowledge of nutrition and healthy lifestyle, provide them with more effective drugs and medical equipment, and even extend people’s life span with vaccines to prevent fatal diseases and more effective chemotherapy for cancer. In addition, government investment in green technology can help people find new sources of energy and cut down on fossil fuel consumption, thus protecting the environment and making the earth more livable. Last but not the least, investments in food science and technology can offer people a wider range of food options to improve their quality of life, and tackle famine by increasing food yields

4.1.3 专业人才培养

A教理科B提高技能C对国家有帮助

解释(A-B):需要想办法去支持、质疑或者证明一个理论或者假设。

解释（A-B)：动手能力，包括建立数据模型，收集信息的能力 解释（B-C)：每个人遇到问题的时候，通过这些技能去寻找解决的办法

• scientifically literate 科学文化
• develop logical and critical thinking 培养逻辑思维和批判性思维
• carry out experiments 进行试验
• practical skills 实践经验
• build models 制造模型
• gather information 收集信息
• scientific questions 科学问题
• scientific career 科学的职业生涯
• solutions to problems解决问题的办法

The investment in science teaching can also benefit the country in the sense that more students will become scientifically literate and develop logical and critical thinking. Whenever they have a theory or hypothesis, they will try to carry out experiments or tests to prove or disprove it. Young people who engage in scientific activity from a young age have practical skills such as building models and gathering information to answer scientific questions. Whether or not they will work in the scientific career, they can apply such skills to searching for solutions to problems. A country can benefit from having workers equipped with such skills and thinking.

4.2 加大科研投资的弊端

4.2.1 生活水平下降

A政府过多的投资科学，B不能够马上解决一些问题，C对人们的生活造成负面的影响

背景：大多数人的生活水平仍处于贫困线以下

(A-B):投资很多钱，不能马上见到效果。当公众需要立即支助其生存需要时，科学方案并没有产生迅速 的回报。举例：如外层空间的探索，而不是解决温饱等基本需求

• driving force 驱动力
• have a negative impact on 有负面的影响
• live below the poverty line 生活在 贫困线以下
• outer space exploration外太空探索
• basic needs基本需求
• survival needs生存需求

Although the government’s investment in science and technology is the driving force of the country’s progress, too much investment in science and technology will also have a negative impact on people’s lives. In some countries, many people still live below the poverty line. If a large amount of money is invested in science and technology, such as outer space exploration, rather than addressing the basic needs like food and clothing, this will impact negatively on the life of the people in these countries. It is true that scientific programmes do not yield fast returns while the public are in need of immediate support for their survival needs.

4.2.1 违背伦理道德

A科学研究，B不合法或者不符合道德规范，C对社会产生不好影响

(B-C)有些私营企业或科学家有经济上的动机去进行一些违反法律或道德原则的试验。举例：克隆和基 因工程领域的一些实验就属于这一类，因为它有可能改变动物和人类的基因库。

(B-C)某些大规模杀伤性武器被发明并落入不法之手，一些武器项目也会对人类构成威胁。

• scientific projects 科学项目
• illegal or unethical projects 非法或不道德项目
• private businesses 私企
• financial incentive 经济动机
• launch some tests or experiments 进行实验
• law or moral principles法律或道德原则
• genetic engineering基因工程
• gene pool基因库

It is not easy to put all scientific projects under scrutiny and some illegal or unethical projects can have a negative effect on society. There are some private businesses or scientists who have the financial incentive to launch some tests or experiments against the law or moral principles. Some experiments in the field of cloning and genetic engineering fall into this category, as it risk changing the gene pool of animals and human beings. Some projects on weaponry are also a threat to humanity, if some weapons of mass destruction are invented and fall into wrong hands.