1 雅思写作饮食购物类观点论据：快餐的影响
1.1 快餐的好处
1.1.1 A 快餐很流行，B节省时间，C提高效率
背景：生活节奏加快了，工作也极其繁忙背景：人们每天没有时间做饭
解释（A-B):快餐或者外卖是做饭最好的替代品，因为人们不需要去买菜并且思考每天吃什么
解释（B-C):他们就可以花更多时间在工作和学习上
- convenience food 方便食品
- takeaway food 外卖
- cut time in food preparation 减少食物准备时间
- pace of life生活节奏
- sufficient time足够的时间
- devote more time to花更多时间在
The popularity of fast foods such as convenience food and takeaway food matches the needs of people
who intend to cut time in food preparation and complete more work every day. The pace of life has
accelerated, and the workplace is extremely busy. People do not have sufficient time every day to cook
a meal. Fast food or ordering a takeout meal is the best alternative to home-cooking, as people do not need to buy ingredients and decide what to eat every day. They can thus devote more time to their work or studies.
1.1.2 A快餐很流行，B大家消費，C对经济有好处
解释（B-C):当更多的人频繁去快餐店，这些餐饮业的收入就会增加
解释（B-C):信誉良好的快餐连锁通常是主要的雇主，雇用数以万计的员工
解释（B-C):他们也跟食品供应商和农民有着战略合作
- a driver of economic growth —个经济增长的驱动因素
- frequent fast food restaurants 频繁去快餐 店
- catering businesses 餐饮业
- fast food chains 快餐连锁
- form strategic alliance with 形成战略合作
- food suppliers食品供应商
The fast food sector is also a driver of economic growth as it changes the ways people consume food. As more people frequent fast food restaurants, the revenue of these catering businesses will increase. Well-established fast food chains normally are major employers, hiring tens of thousands of people.
They also form strategic alliances with food suppliers and farmers. The economic importance of fast food businesses will continue to increase as people lose interest in cooking at home.
1.1.3 A快餐很流行，B管理比较好，C更加安全
解释：原材料是从精心姚选的食品供应商来的，再运输到工厂严格控制加工
解释：训练有素的员工会有条不萦地准备食物，确保食物是精心挑选、烹饪和保存的
对比：家庭制作或独立经营的餐馆不可能按照这样的工序和制作准备食物
- fast food outlets 快餐分店
- well-established procedures and systems 良好的工序和系统
- carefully chosen suppliers精心挑选的供应商
- stand-alone独立经营的
Fast food is also safe to eat for consumers as most, if not all, of fast food outlets are managed with well-established procedures and systems. Ingredients are acquired from carefully chosen suppliers and transported to plants where food is processed in controlled conditions. Well-trained staff prepare food systematically to ensure food is well selected, cooked and preserved. All these procedures and practices are not likely to be implemented in households or stand-alone restaurants.
1.2 快餐的弊端
1.2.1 A快餐很流行B人们吃不健康的东西C对身体不好
解释：这些食品很高的热量和卡路里，对人们的身体不好，人们容易变胖和得心脏病
解释：除此之外，这些食物会用添加剂来保存，这些化学物质对身体不好
对比：快餐都是提前加工过的，营养价值比不上家里用新鲜食材做的饭
- the prevalence of the fast food 快餐的流行
- a positive trend —个积极的趋势
- detrimental to health 对健康有害
- pre-processed提前加工好的
- nutrtional value营养价值
- home-cooked meals家里做的饭
However, the prevalence of the fast foods is not a positive trend, mainly because it is not good for people’s health. Hamburgers, pizzas and other fast food items are high in calorie, sugar and salt, which are responsible for health problems such as obesity and heart disease. Besides,some additives are normally used in preserving fast foods, and these chemicals are detrimental to health. Finally, fast food is normally pre-processed so its nutritional value is normally lower than home-cooked meals, which use fresh ingredients.
1.2.2 A快餐很流行，B大家不再喜欢在家做饭和聚餐，C影响家庭文化
解释（A-B):人们往往在回家之前去餐馆吃一顿快餐，而不是享受为家人准备一顿饭
解释（B-C ):他们会错过洗菜、做饭和吃饭时可以和家人沟通的机会
举例：不跟孩子聊天，父母就不会知道孩子的学业如何以及他们有什么问题
结果（A-B):当快餐取代在家做饭，这些沟通的场合也会消失
- erode traditional family values 损害传统家庭价值观
- no longer 不在
- tend to 往往
- have a quick meal 快速用餐
- miss out opportunities 错过机会
- communication occasions 淘通场合
Fast food can also erode traditional family values as people are no longer interested in cooking and eating family dinners. People tend to have a quick meal at a restaurant before going home, instead of finding enjoyment in preparing a meal for their family. They can miss out opportunities to communicate with family when washing ingredients, cooking a meal and enjoying food with their family. Without talking to children, for example, parents may not have any clue how well their children handle schoolwork and what matters concern them. These communication occasions would disappear if fast food replaced home-cooked meals.
1.2.3 环境污染
A快餐，C造成环境问题
解释（A-C):很多人都是点外卖，塑料打包造成垃圾
解释（A-B):禽类养殖使用抗生素，粪便污染环境
The consumption of fast food is also an environmental woe. Consumers of fast food have the habit of ordering takeaways, which are normally packaged with plastic material. This can create staggering amounts of waste, which cannot be disposed of easily. In addition, the fast expansion of the fast food industry can drive the demand for poultry, and the growth of battery farming is phenominal. Chickens are raised in small cages and antibiotics are applied to prevent diseases, but the waste of these farms can contaminate the environment.
2 雅思写作饮食购物类观点论据：消费购物
2.1 消费购物的原因
2.1.1 调节生活的需要
背景：现在大家生活节奏快，也没有很多时间去旅游、参加社交活动。
解释：购物和赶时尚可以和朋友聊天，出去吃个饭，放松一下。
解释：哪怕是window shopping也是一种运动，不用老是想着工作。
Shopping and catching up with fashion is a good way for people to get away from stresses of modern life. The pace of life in modern cities is very fast, so people do not have much time to travel and socialise with friends and colleagues. But shopping and chasing for fashion can enable people to take a break from work: they can go out with friends to have dinner and talk about fashion to unwind. Window shopping is also considered as a form of exercise, and takes people’s minds off work for a while.
2.1.2 外表追求
解释：社会越来越物质，人们很多时候关注穿着，而不是你的素质和美德，人们会发现购买时尚的东西， 更加能够得到别人的尊重、赞美、认可。
解释：买了时尚的东西，和身边的人有更多的话题。
catch up with peers, strong appetite for fashion, gain respect, recognition and praise
The tendency to catch up with peers is another factor contributing to the strong appetite for fashion. The modern world has become increasingly materialistic, and people attach importance to what you wear, rather than your qualities and merit. They find that they can gain respect, recognition and praise from others when they buy fashionable items. Meanwhile, they have more talking points with their friends if they own something stylish.
2.1.3 有足够的资金购物
解释：经济增长了，人们不再满足基本的需要，不只是关注衣服的质量、是否耐用，在乎的是否漂亮，是 否时尚，是否体现他们的品味和审美观。
earn higher income, economic growth, pay attention to , show their taste and perception of beaty
Another reason is that they are now able to earn higher income to buy the latest trend. Economic growth has led to a shift/transition from functions of clothing to styles. Shoppers no longer pay attention to the quality of clothing and whether they can keep it long. They focus on whether outfits are visually attractive and in fashion. They want to show their taste and perception of beauty.
2.1.4 自豪感
解释：广告、明星秀、名人的采访都展示有钱的人使用名牌，久而久之，人们就会认可时尚体现了社会的 地位，因此，他们买得起，就会觉得自己非常的成功
a sense of pride, fashion brands, show social status
Shopping and following fashion can give people a sense of pride. Advertisements, fashion shows and TV interviews of celebrities all show that rich people are all fans of fashion brands. As time goes on, people tend to accept that fashion can show social status. If they are able to afford it and shop frequently, they will feel they are highly successful.
2.1.5 促进经济发展
解释：消费增加，商业的收入提高，产生更多工作，对于经济的促进作用。
promote economic development, increase the revenue, create more jobs
Shopping and following fashion can be beneficial to a country in economic terms. Consumer spending on designer clothes can increase the revenue of companies in this industry. To fill the growing demand for fashion, companies in the fashion industry have to hire more people, such as designers.This is a virtuous cycle: as more people are hired, the high level of consumer spending can be sustained and this is one driver of economic growth.
2.2 消费购物的弊端
2.2.1 花钱太多
解释：时尚比较贵，而且老是变，不断花钱买，入不敷出。
living standard, get into debt, household goods
However, the obsession with fashion and spending too much money on fashion could have a negative impact on the standard of living of people. Due to the changing fashion, consumers need to constantly spend a large amount of money on buying these goods. Fashion is also expensive and can cost people a lot of money. They may finally get into debt and spend less money in other expenses, such as furniture and household goods. They are not able to maintain a good standard of living.
2.2.2 造成污染和垃圾
解释：追求时尚，东西拿不久，有一种throw-away culture。
do harm to the environment, keep up with the trend, throw-away culture
Another drawback of is that chasing fashion will do harm to the environment. People who tend to buy the latest trends may renew their wardrobe from time to time and throw away the cloth which they think is out of fashion. This throw- away culture will has its environmental cost as the clothing can take decades to degrade and the hues and fabrics of clothes can contaminate soil.
2.3 超市的好处
大，货品多，便宜，售后服务好，一站购物
one-stop shopping, after-sales service
The main advantage of the supermarket is that it can provide one-stop shopping, allowing people to buy different products at a low cost. Well-managed supermarkets can also provide good after-sales services.
2.4 小商店和集市的好处
方便，离人们近，节省时间
within walking distance
Small shops are normally within walking distance. It saves time.
手工的东西比较多，个性化的东西 hand-made products, custom-made products
Family-operated shops sell hand-made products and custom-made products that satisfy the needs of different buyers.
食品，蔬菜比较新鲜 fresh ingredients
People can also buy fresh ingredients in small fruit and vegetable shops.
小商店店主和客户交流，这本身是一种文化和生活方式 a way of life
It is a way of life for people to visit some famous local shops and interact with shop owners or attendants.
3 雅思写作饮食购物类观点论据：服装时尚
3.1 制服的好处
3.1.1 专业形象
project a professional image
Uniforms can protect a professional image.
3.1.2 省钱
save money
It can save money as uniforms are relatively cheap compared with fashion.
避免各种各样的衣服吸引人们的工作，或者导致人们攀比 avoid distractions
If a company has a strict dress code and people wear similar clothes, it can avoid distractions and people would not compare themselves with colleagues in terms of what they wear.
某些功能衣服适合某些特殊行业，譬如说水管工，体现了行业的特点
unique requirements
Some uniforms are designed for specific occupations, such as plumbers, showing the unique requirements of these jobs.
3.2 制服的弊端
3.2.1 人们不能突出个性
show individuality
Uniforms do not show people’s individuality.
过分注重规则，抑制人的创造力 conform to rules, stifle innovation
A company that requires employees to wear uniforms may create a culture of conformity. This can stifle innovation.
3.2.2 制服穿起来有时候不舒服
feel uncomfortable
Some people may feel uncomfortable when wearing uniforms, which are possibly not made of high quality material.
3.3 时装和功能性衣服的区别
3.3.1 时装贵，是地位的象征
stylish outfits, a symbol of status
Stylish outfits are a symbol of status for they are normally expensive.
3.3.2 时装未必耐穿，只是满足人们的虚荣心
durable, out of vanity
Fashion may not be durable and people buy fashion out of vanity.
3.4 传统衣服的好处
体现了文化、传统、一个地区的审美观
represent traditions, sense of beauty
Traditional costumes represent history and traditions, showing the sense of beauty of an ethnic minority
or a country.
3.5 西方服装的好处
某些场合更加显得正式
wear formal clothes, for important occasions
Wearing formal clothes such as western suits can help people show respect for others on some important occasions.