International investment can help developing countries thrive. Poverty is a persistent problem in many developing countries, and multinational enterprises normally arrive with capital. They may invest in local firms and give these companies cash for development. Some multinational businesses may also run subsidiaries, which may contribute to the development of local communities by increasing tax revenue.

1.1.2 提供就业提高生活水平

A国际投资，B提供就业机会，C提高当地人的生活水平

(A-B)跨国公司可能是世界各地不同行业的市场领导者，它们在经济上有能力在第三世界国家雇用成千上万的工人，以满足世界各地对其产品的需求。这些工作对于那些本地企业很少有国际影响力的社区来说非常重要

（B-C)当地人有了更多的就业机会于是就有了更多赚钱提高生活水平的机会。

job opportunities, market leaders, financially capable, earn money
The large scale foreign investment provides a considerable number of job opportunities, which can improve the living standard of people of developing countries. Multinational enterprises may be market leaders of different industries around the world, and they are financially capable of hiring tens of
thousands of workers in third-world countries to satisfy the huge demand for their products worldwide. These jobs are important for communities where there are few local businesses having international presence. More locals in the developing countries can earn money to improve their living standard.

1.1.3 促进产业技术升级

背景：发展中国家没有资金、人才库和创新系统，这可能是长期贫穷的结果。跨国企业通常带来技术，包括先进的机器、先进的管理技能和最先进的系统。

解释1：当他们进入一个新的市场时，他们可以为当地人提供员工培训，并向这些国家的工人传授技能。

解释2：他们还在当地招聘经理，这样这些国家的人才也可以学到现代管理技能的知识。

结果：这可以帮助发展中国家赶上发达经济体。

transfer of knowledge, talent pool, sophisticated machines, management skills, staff training, advanced economies

Foreign investment can also facilitate the transfer of knowledge and technology around the world. Developing countries do not have funding, the talent pool and systems for innovations, possibly as a result of persistent poverty, but Multinational enterprises normally arrive with technology, including
sophisticated machines, advanced management skills and state-of-the-art systems. When they enter a new market, they may provide locals with staff training and impart skills to workers of these countries. They also recruit managers locally, so talented people in these countries can acquire knowledge of modern management techniques as well. This can help developing countries catch up with advanced economies.

1.2 国际投资可能对发展中国家的经济发展产生负面影响

背景：跨国公司在资金、管理技能和技术上都比本土竞争对手有优势。

解释：一些外国公司进入发展中国家可能会导致一些公司倒闭。

结果1：随着国内公司破产，这些国家可能会依赖外国公司。大型国际企业的主导地位意味着它们可以任意定价。

结果2：更槽糕的是，如果外国公司从这些国家撤出投资，当地经济可能会崩渍。

foreign firms, go bankrupt, set prices, withdraw investment

International investment may have a negative impact on the economic development of developing countries. Multinational companies have advantages over local competitors in terms of capital, managerial skills and technology. The arrival of some foreign firms in developing countries may cause the shutdown of some companies. These countries may rely on foreign firms as domestic companies go bankrupt. The dominance of large international businesses means that they can set prices arbitrarily. Even worse, if foreign companies withdraw investment from these countries, the local economy can collapse.

1.3 国际援助对于捐赠国和接受国各有什么好处和问题

1.3.1 促进两个国家的经济发展

解释：经济援助、技术的支持和投资基础设施，贫穷国家可以发展经济。

解释：这些国家富裕，捐献国和这些国家有更多的经济往来，提高收入

economic growth, financial aid/support/assistance/help/backing, technological support/transfer of
technology, investment in infrastructure, develop/grow the economy, donor countries, economic ties/ relations

Giving aid can benefit the economic development of both donor countries and recipient nations. Financial aid, technological support and investment in infrastructure can help underdeveloped countries
to grow the economy, as they can open factories to produce products and have ports, airports and roads
to transport goods to different places. The economic prosperity of these poor countries can eventually drive the economic growth of rich nations as well, if they have strong economic ties.

1.3.2 防止疾病的蔓延

解释：很多国家很穷，没有基础医疗设施，疾病很容易蔓延。

解释：全球化，人很容易去不同的地方，疾病会影响全世界。

解释：提供医药、疫苗，提供一些医疗人员，有助于控制疾病，减少死亡率。

the spread of diseases. medical facilities, contain diseases, in a globalised world, medicine and medical aid, vaccines, medical staff, control/manage diseases/keep … in check, reduce deaths/death toll

The provision of aid is also beneficial to well-being of citizens of all countries involved, as it can prevent the spread of some diseases. Some countries are extremely poor and short of medical facilities
to contain some contagious diseases. Another problem is that in a globalised world, people can travel to different places easily, so one medical condition can affect the whole world easily. The supply of medicine and vaccines, and the work of medical staff of economically developed countries, can help manage some diseases and reduce the death toll.

1.3.3 过度依赖国际援助

解释：贫穷国家过分依赖援助，自己没有动力去发展经济，一旦没有了援助，这些国家会遇到很多的经济问题。

解释：贫困国家的政治系统缺乏透明度，钱被贪污了，真正需要的人用不到。

incentive, lack transparency/ governance/ open political system, corrupt officials, misuse/embezzle

One disadvantage of delivering aid to impoverished countries is that it does not tackle poverty. These countries are over-reliant on/depend heavily on foreign aid and do not have any incentive to grow the economy. Without financial assistance, these countries may experience economic hardships. Meanwhile, they do not have an open political system and money provided by international charities
can be misused. Aid fails to reach people in need.

1.4 国家合作的优缺点是什么？

1.4.1 解决环境问题

背景：国家没有足够的资源和技术解决。

解释1：国家可以分享技术和经验

解释2 ：可以制定协议，确保每个国家都投入到环境保护去。

解释3：跨国公司在发展中国家开厂，可能有利于环保技术的传播。

share know-how and relevant experience/ green technology/ international conferences/ exchange information/ preserve the environment/ environmentally friendly technology

Environmental issues can be tackled by international collaboration since countries can make a concerted effort to protect the environment, possibly by sharing knowledge and resources. As countries agree on stronger alliances, companies which specialise in the development of green technology can export their practices to different countries, and governments can hold international conferences to exchange information about how to preserve the environment. Meanwhile , they can enter some international agreements to ensure that all member states are committed to environmental protection efforts.

1.4.2 促进经济的发展

解释1：开办合资企业，开拓国际市场增加利润。

解释2:减少贸易壁垒，产品远销其他国家，增加利润。

解释3:国际间企业合作，发挥各自的优势，让产品和服务更有竞争力，利润更高。

economic ties/ joint ventures/ local business partners/ foreign firms/ target market/remove trade barriers/enter countries/multinational companies/ competitive advantages/ profit-making capacity.
Strong economic ties between countries allows for higher levels of cooperation among companies , which can possibly boost the global economy. By establishing some joint ventures with local business partners, foreign firms can enter different markets easily because they can gain more information from the local people and have a better understanding of the target market. They can earn more revenue. In addition, removing trade barriers means that products and services can enter different countries to make more profits. Finally, These multinational companies have many competitive advantages in their products and services, and business partnerships can combine strengths of different companies and increase their profit-making capacity.

1.4.3 破坏环境

解释1：国际企业在发展中国家开设工厂，利用当地的环境法律比较松的漏洞，然后开采资源，不注意污染的处理。

解释2 ：国际贸易导致对各种产品运输产生更高的需求，排放尾气

loopholes of laws, exploitation of resources, deal with pollution, international trade

Some environmental issues may arise from economic globalisation. Foreign companies may shift their manufacturing base to underdeveloped countries and take advantage of loopholes of local environmental laws to exploit natural resources and take no action to deal with pollution. International trade also increases the need for transportation of products across the world, which can cause a sharp increase in emissions.

2 雅思写作国际全球化类观点论据：学习外语

2.1 学好外语的决定因素

2.1.1 A找到资料，B不断学习，C提升

解释（A-B):书本。其中一个学外语的方式就是利用我们可以找到的资源。有很多关于学习外语的书，比如语法和词汇。阅读这些书籍有助于学生学习使用目标语言

解释（A-B):网络材料对学习语言也很重要，学习者可以参加一些外语的课程，读外国人写的书，看外国电影或者电视节目

解释（A-B):网课，网络交流工具或者电子学习平台可以帮助人们和外国人交流

make the most materials 充分利用资源
get familiar with 熟悉..the target language 目标语言
online resources 网上资源
language acquisition 语言习得
attend foreign-language lessons 参加外语课程
read articles阅读文章
watch foreign-made films or TV shows看外国制作电影的或者电视节目
talk to native speakers 和说母语的人聊天
use online communication tools or e-learning platforms 运用网络交流工具或者网上学习平台

One way to learn a foreign language is to make the most of materials we can find. There are books about foreign languages, such as grammar rules and vocabulary. Reading these books can help learners get familiar with how to use the target language. Online resources are also essential to language
acquisition, as learners can attend foreign-language lessons, read articles written by foreign authors and
watch foreign-made films or TV shows. In the Internet age, people can also talk to native speakers by
using some online communication tools or e-learning platforms.

2.1.2 A好的语言环境，B学以致用，C提升

解释（A-B):在学习目标语言的国家生活和学习，和当地人交流，提升语言熟练度

解释（B-C):人们会发现生活用语和书本上学习的东西可能不大一样

解释（B-C):他们能够理解如何正确和自然地使用语言，对某些单词的理解更深

解释（B-C):他们对文化有更好的了解，这能影响交流的话题的习俗和禁忌

interact with locals 和本地人交流
have a deep understanding of 有更深的理解
affect the conventions in communication and taboo subjects in conversations 影响交流的习俗和话题里面的禁

It is also important to use a foreign language in a good language environment. People can go to countries where the target language is spoken, and develop proficiency in the foreign language by integrating with locals. One benefit of taking this approach is that learners may find the differences between textbooks and the language usage in real life. They may have a deep understanding of how to use some words correctly and naturally. They also learn about the culture of the host country, which can affect the conventions in communication and taboo subjects in conversations.

2.1.3 A勤奋，B不断练习，C提升

解释（A-B)学习是个艰辛的过程，只有人们花时间每天学习，最终才能掌握它举例：如果没有每天在日常生活中用词是很难扩大词汇量的。他们可以跟同学练习或者直接练习

bear in mind 牢记于心
expand their vocabulary 扩大词汇量
in day-to-day communication 在每日的交流中

Whatever material people use, they should bear in mind that practice makes perfect. Language learning is an arduous process, and only people who devote time to learning it every day can eventually master it. For instance, it is not easy to expand their vocabulary without using the words they learn in day-to-day communication. They can practise either by talking to their peers or by themselves.

2.2 国际语言存在的优缺点

2.2.1 A国际语言，B国际贸易，C促进经济发展

解释（A-B)如果一个语言被其他国家的人们广泛地接受和使用，他们可以和对方有效地沟通

解释（B-C)这为贸易会议和谈判铺路，通常导致交易和合作关系。人们可以一起工作可以探讨商业机会，不分国籍

promote international trade 促进国际贸易
boost the world’s economy 促进世界经济
be widely used被广泛使用
pave way for business meetings and negotiations为商业会议和谈判铺路
contractual relationships 合作关系
explore business opportunities 探索商机

One benefit of having an international language is that it can promote international trade and boost the world’s economy. If a language is widely accepted and used by people from different countries, they can talk to each other more efficiently. This paves the way for business meetings and negotiations, which normally lead to deals and contractual relationships. People can work together to explore business opportunities regardless of nationality.

2.2.2 A国际语言，B在一起合作、交流，C促进科技发展

解释（A-B)使用国际认可的语言能够促进科技发展，因为学者，工程师和科学家能够一起合作解决问题

解释（A-B)他们能够用一个语言交流观点，阅读用相同语言（比如英语）写的报告或者文章

解释（A-B)这可以确保他们共享相同的知识，有效地划分工作，并就如何执行项目达成一致可以针对特定主题或问题组建更多由不同国家成员组成的国际团队

解释（B-C)这可以加速技术的发展，科学家们可以获得比在自己国家的孤立工作中所取得的成就还要多

an internationally-recognised language 一个国际认可的语言

promotes technological progress 促进科技进步

share the same knowledge分享相同的知识

reach an agreement about…就…达成协议

speed up technological development 加快技术进步…

Having an internationally recognised language also promotes technological progress as scholars, engineers and scientists can collaborate to tackle some problems. They can exchange ideas easily with a single language and read reports or articles written in the same language, such as English. This can
ensure that they share the same knowledge, divide work efficiently, and reach an agreement about what to do to undertake a project. More international teams which consist of members from different countries can be formed for specific subjects or issues. This can speed up technological development, and scientists can achieve more than they do when working in isolation in their own countries.

2.2.3 A国际语言，B小语种消失，C文化多样性减少

解释（A-B)英语等一些国际语言的主导地位会鼓励一些年轻人放弃他们的母语

解释（A-B)他们学习英语以获得更多进入大学和找到工作的机会，因为英语在工作环境和学术环境中被广泛使用

解释（B-C)想到一些不太被说的语言会消失，一些生活方式也会消失，就感到令人沮丧。我们将看到一些能使世界变得有趣的文化的消失

threaten some minority languages 威胁小众语言

reduce cultural diversity 减少文化多样性

gain more opportunities to 获得更多的机会

loss of some cultures 失去一些文化

One risk of having a global language is that it can threaten some minority languages and reduce cultural diversity. The dominance of some international languages like English can encourage young people in some communities to give up their native language. They learn English to gain more opportunities to enter college and find work, as English is widely used in work contexts and academic settings. It is upsetting to think that some less spoken languages will disappear, so will some ways of life. We will see the loss of some cultures which can make the world interesting.

2.3 小孩学习外语的利与弊

2.3.1 小孩学习外语的好处

不那么害羞，敢于练习，比较容易掌握

not limited by self-consciousness, pick up a language

Children are not limited by self-consciousness. They are more willing to practice. It is easier to pick up a language.

课程不多，有时间学习

extra time

Primary school students do not have many courses to attend, so they can spend extra time learning a foreign language

早点学习，减少口音，更有自信和兴趣学习

reduce accent, learn with enthusiasm

The early exposure to a foreign language can help children to reduce accent. They can learn it with enthusiasm if they are familiar with this language.

2.3.2 小孩学习外语的坏处

很多学生没有天赋，学习国际语言会增加负担

a facility for language learning

Students who do not have a facility for language learning may experience some difficulties in acquiring a foreign language.

学习能力不够，影响母语学习

cognitive skills, interfere with the mother tongue language acquisition

If a student does not have sufficient cognitive skills, it will interfere with the mother tongue language acquisition.

2.4 学习外语的利与弊

2.4.1 A学习一门外语，B很容易找到一个工作，C很高的收入

背景：世界是相互联系的，很少有公司希望在不处理国际业务的情况下运营

解释（A-B)制造商、IT公司和服务公司必须与外国供应商和客户开展业务，对能说两种语言的员工需求量很大。因为他们可以帮助雇主扩大全球市场，增加收入

bilingual people 说双语的人
a distinct advantage 明显的优势
expand the market globally 扩大国际
市场 increase revenue 增加收入

Bilingual people are at a distinct advantage in today’s competitive world, and have the potential to earn higher income than those who speak one language only. The world is interconnected and few companies expect to operate without dealing with international business. Manufacturers, IT firms and service companies have to conduct business with foreign suppliers and clients, and employees who can speak two languages are in high demand. They can help employers expand the market globally and increase revenue.

2.4.2 A学习一门外语，B开拓思維，C决策

解释（A-B)语言习得包括阅读有关使用目标语言的国家的资料

解释（A-B)人们可能会参观这些国家，以便更好地掌握这种语言举例：这些经验可以让学习者了解其他国家的文化、价值观、信仰、风俗习惯和生活方式

解释（B-C)他们可能从不同的角度看待问题，并考虑不同的可能性，从而做出更好的决策举例：如果一个亚洲国家的业务经理学习英语并了解倾听员工的重要性，他或她可能会邀请员工提供意见

Learning a foreign language can broaden one’s mind and improve decision-making abilities. Language acquisition involves reading of material about those countries where the target language is used, and sometimes, people may visit these countries in order to have a good command of this language. These experiences can expose learners to the information about the culture, values, beliefs, customs and lifestyles of other countries. They may perceive a problem from different angles and consider different possibilities, thereby making better decisions. For example, a business manager of an Asian country may invite input from employees if he or she learns English and understands the importance of listening to staff.

2.4.3 A学习一门外语，B接触不同的语法规则和单词，C变得更加聪明

解释（B-C):努力记住更多另一种语言的新词，大脑活动增加

解释（B-C):需要思考怎么去理解外语的意思，这样大脑活动就会增加

解释（B-C)当这些语言学习者长大，他们有更好的认知技能。他们能够有效地处理对比信息

mental effort 精神努力 brainactivity 脑活动 make sense 讲得通

The effort to pick up a foreign language can also improve intelligence of young learners as they are exposed to different grammar rules and vocabulary from their native language’s. Brain activity can increase considerably if a child is required to remember new words of another language. It requires mental effort to make sense an unfamiliar language. These language learners may have better cognitive skills when they grow up. They can possess contrasting information more effectively.

2.4.4 A学习外语，B很花时间，C造成负担

解释（A-B)对于新手来说，他们需要每天记忆新词，读语法和句法的书

解释（B-C)如果他们不在说外语的国家，他们需要加倍认真才能扩大他们的词汇。除非人们为了职业提升或者对这个语言有兴趣，否则很难坚持

learning a foreign language 学一门外语
add a burden 增加负担
memorize new words 记忆新词
expand their vocabulary 扩大词汇量
career advancement 工作提升
have a passion for 对..有兴趣

Learning a foreign language can sometimes add a burden on learners as it is an arduous task. This is particularly true for beginners, who have to memorize new words every day and read books about grammar and syntax. If they are not in a foreign language country, they have to work twice harder to expand their vocabulary. Unless people acquire it for career advancement or have a passion for it, it is difficult for them to persist.

2 雅思写作国际全球化类观点论据：国际贸易的利与弊

2.1 A从国外进口商品，B提高人们的生活水平，C人们更加开心

背景：有些国家可能专门生产某些产品，因为它们有一些独特的优势，如气候、地理位置、技术、传统和劳动力。这些产品可能比其他国家的产品质量好，有时也更便宜。

解释（A-B):从海外进口产品可以提供更多的选择。

解释（A-B):降低生活成本，使国内消费者受益。

geographic locations, import products from abroad/overseas, reduce the cost of living
Importing goods from abroad can raise people’s living standards. Some countries may specialise in the production of some products because they have some unique advantages such as climate, geographic locations, technology, traditions and labour. These products are possibly of better quality than those available in other nations, and sometimes more affordable. Therefore, importing products from
overseas can benefit domestic consumers by offering more options and possibly by reducing the cost of living. This can improve the quality of life.

2.2 A从海外进口商品，B对别国的商品更加依赖，C不利于本国经济的发展

解释（A-B)：他们开放了市场，消除了贸易堡垒，这样易造成其他国家的产品占领他们的市场。

解释（B-C)：他们也会对别国的商品更加依赖，从而不去发展自己可以生产出这些商品的科技，如果他们能够很容易以更加便宜的价格进口这些商品。

解释（C的结果）：对于进口品的价格波动会更加容易受影响。

in the long term/ have a bad effect on/ cheaper and more diversified commodities/ open their markets/remove trade barriers/ local markets/ reasonable prices/ national economy

Some countries import a lot of goods from other countries may have a bad effect on the economy. In order to provide people with cheaper and more diversified commodities, some countries open their markets and remove trade barriers, and the consequence is that the domestic market is dominated by imports. These countries will also become more dependent on other countries’ goods and will not develop the technology to produce such higher quality ones if they can easily import them with much more reasonable prices. These countries will be vulnerable to the price volatility of imports in the long term.

2.3 A进口商品，B需要消耗大量的燃料，C破坏环境

解释（A-B)从海外进口商品需要长距离的运输

解释（B-C)碳排放量增加，进一步加剧全球气候变化，造成环境的破坏。

对比：而如果人们只是消费本地或本国的商品则可避免由于长距离运输对环境的破坏。

the utilization rate of fuel/ carbon emissions/ global climate change/ environmental damage/ long distance transportation
Transporting goods over long distances can have a negative impact on the environment. Nowadays, despite the fact that the utilization rate of fuel is greatly improved because of the development of science and technology, importing goods from other countries, whether by air or by shipping, still needs to consume a large amount of fuel. This will lead to an increase in carbon emissions, further exacerbating global climate change and causing environmental damage. If people only consume domestic goods, they can avoid the environmental problems caused by long distance transportation.

环境：A进口粮食B—场生物危机C影响某些生物的生存。

解释（A-B):它可能会不小心引入一些外来的植物、昆虫和鱼类，它们在东道国可以疯狂生长。

解释（B-C):当这些物种争夺空间和营养时，会对当地的同类构成威胁。

解释（A-B):从海外进口一些家畜可能会带来引入新基因的风险。

解释（C的拓展）：如果政府不能消灭这些入侵者并保护本地物种，最终可能会导致一些物种的灭绝。 biological crisis, exotic plants, grow wildly, farm animals, species loss

Importing food can also be a biological crisis. It may accidentally introduce some exotic plants, insects and fish, which can grow wildly in the host country. These species can pose a threat to local counterparts, when they compete for space and nutrients. Meanwhile, importing some farm animals from overseas may risk introducing new genes. It may eventually cause some species loss, if the government fails to eliminates these intruders and preserve local species.

2.4 A进口食品，B食用进口食品会带来健康问题，C有害

背景：为保存食物，特别是易腐烂的食物，进口商在长途运输中经常使用防腐剂或其他化学品。

解释（A-B):如果不能有效地去除这些物质，就会对健康有害。

对比：食用本地食物可能是一个更健康的选择，因为它使用更少的化学物质。

imported food, pose health risks, preserve food, long-haul transportation, locally-sourced food

The consumption of imported food can pose health risks. To preserve food, especially perishables, over long-haul transportation, importers habitually use preservatives or other chemicals. These substances are, however, harmful to health, if not removed effectively. Eating locally-sourced food is possibly a healthier option because it uses less chemicals.

3 雅思写作国际全球化类观点论据：航空运输

减少空航的污染，发展生物燃油，提升飞机的燃油使用效率

biofuel, fuel economy

The development of biofuel and the methods to achieve fuel economy can possibly mitigate the environmental problems attributable to air transport.

航班的管理提升，减少不必要的航班，确保每个航班充分利用

cut non-essential flights, make the most of capacity
Airlines should manage their services more efficiently, by cutting non-essential flights and making the most of capacity of every trip.

添加燃油税，抑制大家坐飞机 impose a fuel tax, curb air travel
Impose a fuel tax can be another approach, as higher air fairs can curb air travel.

4 雅思写作国际全球化类观点论据：留学与移民

4.1 留学的利与弊

4.1.1 留学的好处

可能上更好的大学

attend a famous university

young people are more likely to attend a famous university if they choose to study abroad

学习外语，工作机会更好

pick up a foreign language, improve job prospects

Studying in a foreign country means that they can pick up a foreign language more easily, which can improve job prospects.

眼界更加宽，能够接受不同的看法

broaden horizons, take a broader perspective

Living in another country enables young people to broaden horizons and take a broader perspective in their lives.

离开父母生活，更加独立

become self-reliant, live separately from parents

Young people can become self-reliant, as they live separately from parents and handle everything independently.

外国的朋友圈加大，职业机会更多

enlarge the circle of friends, broaden career horizons

young people can enlarge the circle of friends overseas, and it can broaden career horizons.

4.1.2 留学的坏处

很难适应外国的环境，思乡病

adapt to an unfamiliar environment, feel homesick

International students may find it difficult to adapt to an unfamiliar environment, and many of them may feel homesick.

语言不通，影响学业

overcome language barriers, educational underachievement.

it is also difficult to overcome language barriers. Failing to understand lectures may lead to educational underachievement.

4.2 移民（多元文化）的优缺点

4.2.1 A移民，B接触不同文化，C文化包容

解释（A-B)他们在生活方式、价值体系和社会规范方面更能适应不同民族所采用和重视的多样性

解释（B-C)生活在多元文化城市的人们不把另一种文化视为古怪和不可接受的文化，而是了解各种方式的起源和价值
exposed to cultures 接触不同的文化
inclusive/tolerating 包容的
cultural awareness 文化意识

Countries which embrace multiculturalism are more inclusive as people are exposed to different cultures. They are more comfortable with the diversity in ways of life, value systems and social norms adopted and valued by different ethnic groups. Instead of seeing another culture as odd and unacceptable, people living in multicultural cities understand the origin as well as the value of every way of living. They are more prepared to embrace diversity and accept cultural differences.

4.2.2 A移民，B带来投资和钱，C对经济有一定帮助

解释（A-B) —个多民族社会也有更多的机会实现生态繁荣，因为不同种族背景的人通常都会带着钱来

解释（B-C)他们可以在当地设立一家企业，或投资当地公司，以此谋生

解释（B-C)与此同时，他们必须在当地定居时购买家具和家用产品。他们的钱有利于经济增长

A multi-ethnic society 多民族的社会
economic prosperity 经济繁荣
different ethnic backgrounds 不同的民族背景
set up a business locally在当地开办企业

A multi-ethnic society also has more opportunities for economic prosperity as people of different ethnic backgrounds normally come with money. They may set up a business locally or invest in a local
company as a way of earning a livelihood. Meanwhile, they have to purchase furniture and household
products as they settle locally. Their money is beneficial to economic growth.

4.2.3 A移民，B带来劳动力，创业，C对当地的生活水平提高

解释（B-C):解决劳动力紧缺的问题

解释（B-C):为了在当地扎根，工作很勤奋，新来的人努力工作开始新的生活

解释（B-C):来自不同的地方，将那个地方的一些产品和文化带过来，丰富当地人的生活

举例：食物，在这些多文化的社区中，人们经常能够享受美味的佳肴

people from diverse ethnic backgrounds 人们来自不同的民族背景

improve the standard of living 提高生活水平

host community 东道主社区

local inhabitants 当地的居民

multiechnic communities 多民族的社区

The arrival of people from diverse ethnic backgrounds can also improve the standard of living as these people bring skills and jobs valuable to the local economy. Some of them may have skills to fill gaps in the labour market, and these newcomers work hard to start a new life. Meanwhile, they may introduce some products unique to their own cultures to the host community, thereby offering local inhabitants more choices in lives. Food is a typical example, and in those multi-ethnic communities, people normally enjoy different cuisine.

4.2.4 A移民，B带来一些想法、创意还有技术，C对于创新有一定帮助

解释（A-B) —个多文化社区也有一个有利于创新的环境，因为来自世界各地的人们可以贡献他们独特的思維方式

解释（B-C) —个拥有多元化劳动力的公司更有能力开发创意，因为员工们聚集在一起分享想法，从不同的角度分析问题举例：在开发新产品的过程中，来自不同文化背景的人可能会强调从包装到功能的不同方面。这种头脑风暴过程可以给公司带来新的视角

a multicultural community 多文化的社区
an environment conducive to innovations 有利于文化创新
distinct ways of thinking 不同的思维方式
diverse workforce 多样的劳动力
be more capable of 更有能力
develop creative ideas 发展创意
brain storming process 头脑风暴过程

A multi-cultural community also has an environment conducive to innovations as people from different
parts of the world can contribute their distinct ways of thinking. A company with a diverse workforce is
more capable of developing creative ideas as employees come together to share ideas and analyse an issue from different perspectives. In the development of a new product, for instance, people from
different cultures may lay emphasis on different aspects, from package to functions. This brainstorming process can give the company new perspectives.

4.2.5 A移民，B当地的文化会受到一定影响，C当地的特色会消失

解释（A-B)对多元文化主义有强烈感情的人认为多元文化主义会威胁当地文化，侵蚀当地人的认同感

解释（A-B)食物、服饰、节日甚至宗教都是一种文化中有趣的组成部分，如果一个民族团体在一个社区中越来越有影响力，他们的文化很可能会影响当地人

举例：在英国的一些社区，随着穆斯林移民数量的增加，一些当地居民改变了他们的宗教信仰。人们越来越担心它会对当地的宗教生活产生深远的影响

have strong feelings about multiculturalism 对多兀文化有强烈的感情
threaten the local culture 威胁当地的文化
erode the sense of identity of native people侵蚀本地人的身份认同感
change their religious beliefs 改变宗教信仰
Muslism immigrant 穆斯林移民
have a profound effect on 对..有深远影响
local religious life当地的宗教生活

People who have strong feelings about multiculturalism think that it could threaten the local culture and
erode the sense of identity of native people. The food, dresses, festivals and even religions are among
the interesting components of a culture, and if an ethnic group increases presence in a community, their culture is likely to influence locals. In some communities in the UK, for example, some local residents have changed their religious beliefs as the number of Muslim immigrants increases. There is growing concern that it will have a profound impact on local religious life.

4.2.6 A有很多的移民，B相互之间差异很大，C社会分化

解释（B-C) —些少数民族可能认为他们没有受到尊重，他们需要根据东道国的法律来放弃他们的一些传统，例如宗教习俗

解释（B-C)同时，当地居民可能会抱怨新来者没有尝试融入当地文化，如果这些种族差异没有得到解决，暴力就会爆发

the presence of multiple ethnic groups 多民族的存在
increase the risk of racial conflicts 增加种族冲突的风险
be treated with respect 受到尊重
forsake some of their traditions 放弃一些他们的传统
integrate into the local culture 融入到当地的文化
make an attempt 尝试
ethnic differences 种族差异

The presence of multiple ethnic groups can also increase the risk of racial conflicts as cultural differences are not overcome easily. Some ethnic minorities may think that they are not treated with respect and that they are required to forsake some of their traditions, such as religious practices, by the laws of the host community. In the meantime, inhabitants native to the community may complain that newcomers do not make an attempt to integrate into the local culture. If these ethnic differences are not settled, violence can erupt.

5 雅思写作国际全球化类观点论据：文化多样性

5.1 多元文化渗透的方式

5.1.1 跨国公司

西方的跨国公司在不同国家开厂和设立办事处，工作的文化影响当地人

multinational companies, factories and subsidiaries, work practices, corporate culture

Multinational companies have factories and subsidiaries in different parts of the world. Their work practices and corporate culture can influence employees they hire locally.

5.1.2 媒体宣传

西方的媒体（包括杂志、电影、电视节目等）鼓励人们模仿西方人的生活方式、接受外国人的价值观

western lifestyles, embrace values of the West
People who read magazines and watch films and TV programmes imported from the western world tend to copy western lifestyles and embrace values of the West.

5.1.3 旅游留学移民

和西方人的接触（包括旅游、留学和移民等），耳熟目染外国的文化

exposed to a foreign culture, come into contact with
People can come into contact with the ways of life and values of other countries when travelling, studying or living overseas. They are exposed to a foreign culture and gradually, they assimilate into the local culture.

5.2 多元文化的利弊

5.2.1 多元文化的好处

接触不同的文化，思維更加宽，人更加宽容

exposed to different cultures, broaden minds, tolerating

People who are exposed to different cultures will become more tolerating and keep an open mind to different ideas.

5.2.2 多元文化的弊端

接触不同的文化，自己的某些习俗可能慢慢消失，影响文化多样性，世界变得无聊

cultural diversity, a mundane world

Due to the exposure to exotic cultures, some customs may disappear. People may live in a mundane world if cultural diversity is compromised.

5.2.3 我们会在以下方面失去自己的传统和习惯

服饰（大家都穿西服，而不是自己的传统服饰）

western suits, traditional costumes

People tend to wear western suits, rather than traditional costumes.

艺术、音乐、电影（喜欢看好茱坞电影、流行乐、西方的油画，而不是本国的艺术形式，民谣等）

Hollywood movies, pop music, oil paintings, art forms, folk music

It is common to watch Hollywood movies, listen to pop music and appreciate oil paintings. People are less interested in traditional art forms and folk music.

建筑（喜欢西方国家的摩天大楼，石头建筑等）

skyscrapers, stone houses

Western architectural styles such as skyscrapers and stone houses are everywhere in the world.

饮食（快餐风靡，喜欢吃牛扒） fast food, eat steak

Eating fast food and western dishes such as steak has gained in popularity.

传统节日，庆典（庆祝圣诞节，情人节，甚至感恩节，而不是自己的传统节日） celebrate traditional festivals

Instead of celebrating traditional festivals, people are keen to celebrate Christmas, Valentine5s Day and even Thanksgiving.

价值观和生活观（更加追求个人成功，而不是家庭和社会生活的幸福；更加追求平等，对于社会阶级的意识淡化）

achieve ambitions, family and social life, equality, social hierarchy

Young people of some developing countries spend time achieving ambitions, rather than family and
social life. They value equality and disapprove of social hierarchy

语言（喜欢学习外语，有些方言慢慢减少）

a foreign language, speak local dialects
People invest time and effort in picking up a foreign language.The number of people who can speak local dialects has dropped sharply.

1 雅思写作国际全球化类观点论据：投资与援助

1.1 国际投资的好处

1.1.1 国际投资可以帮助发展中国家繁荣发展