1 雅思写作媒体类观点论据：传统媒体（报纸、杂志、书籍）与现代媒体（电视、手机、网络）对比
1.1 现代媒体的优势
1.1.1 A看网络或者电视，B信息更新，C更有效率
解释：人们可以看突发新闻，现在的新闻组织都有网站和手机软件推送消息
解释：当一个故事爆发，人们可以在收音机听或者在电视上观看对比：与之相反，书籍通常是过时的，因为编辑和出版都需要经过耗时的程序人们不会在书上看到新闻
- watch TV news 看电视新闻
- listen to radio broadcasting 听收音机广播
- keep up to date with 跟上
- beaking news 突发新闻
- deliver information to readers 推送消息给读者
- time-consuming 耗时的
The Internet and watching TV news or listening to radio broadcasting allow people to keep up to date with what is happening. People can see breaking news online and all news organisations have websites and mobile apps to deliver information to readers. When a story breaks, people can also listen to it on radio or watch it on TV. In contrast, books are normally outdated, as editing and publishing of a book normally follow time-consuming procedures. People do not expect to read news on books.
1.1.2 A看网络或者电视，B信息更加丰富，C更加容易理解
解释：网站有视频、图片，还有关于一件新闻事件，一个主题或者一个理论的详细记述
解释：电视频道也有这类优点，视觉信息会更加直接而且能提供更多信息
对比：反之，书籍主要提供文字信息给识字能力很强的人
- audio and visual information 视听信息
- make sense 理解
- detailed account 详细的记述
- visual messages视觉信息
- literacy skills识字能力
The Internet and TV programmes present both audio and visual information, so it is easier for people to make sense what has happened. Websites have videos, pictures as well as a detailed account of a news event, a subject or a theory. TV channels also have these advantages and visual messages are normally more straightforward and informative. In contrast, books predominantly provide information in text, and only attract people who have strong literacy skills.
1.2 传统媒体的优势
1.2.1 A看网络或者电视，B信息质量不一定很高，C获得的知识不是很多
解释（A-B)：网络的一个问题就是人们可以自由地发表他们的意见观点，但是有时候他们的想法并没有证 据来支持这就是为什么在学术界，网络不能作为一个可靠的信息来源
解释（A-B):电视节目一般都穿插了广告，甚至于教育节目都变得有娱乐性严肃的读者喜欢阅读书籍， 当他们想要加深对某个学科的理解
- a source of knowledge 知识来源
- leam a subject in depth 深入学习一门学科
- post opinions and views 发表意见观点
- a credible source of information 可靠的信息来源
- educational programmes 教 育节目
- deepenunderstanding加深理解
The Internet or TV programmes is however not a favourite source of knowledge for people who want to learn a subject in depth. One problem of the Internet is that people can post opinions and views freely and sometimes, their ideas are not supported by evidence. This is why the Internet is not accepted as a credible source of information in academic communities. TV shows are normally interrupted by advertisements, and even educational programmes intend to be entertaining. For these reasons, serious readers favour books whenever they intend to deepen their understanding of a subject in question.
1.2.2 A使用网络，B减少浪费资源和污染，C保护环境
解释（A-B):不用砍树造纸
解释（A-B ):不用油墨
Using digital material rather than reading physical books can help preserve the environment as it can reduce the consumption of natural resources and cut pollution. As the production of print books decreases, the demand for wood pulp and the destruction of forest will decline.
1.2.3 A阅读书籍，C更加享受阅读
解释（A-B):喜欢手里拿着书，喜欢书的味道
解释（A-B):喜欢在书页的边緣写感想，也喜欢画关键词和句子
解释（A-B):喜欢图书馆的气氛对比：屏幕上看书会被网络其他的内容所吸引
Reading books is sometimes favoured by those avid readers. They love holding books in hands, and the smell of new books they purchase. It is also easier to make notes on margins of print books as well as highlight key words and sentences. They tend to keep books which they enjoy reading, instead of electronic versions. Some of them like reading in libraries or cafes where the quiet atmosphere allows for deep reading. In contrast, reading on screen is less favourable as they can be distracted by films, videos and other kinds of content online.
2 雅思写作媒体类观点论据：广告对人们的影响
2.1 A广告夸大产品的功能，B解决人的一些需求，C卖产品
背景：广告上采取的一个常用的手段就是夸大产品的功能，以及暗示产品符合顾客的喜好。
解释（A-B):他们对人们对金钱和健康的基本需求进行调查。
举例1：比如一些公司卖产品着重其教育意 义，一些人就会购买这些产品，因为害怕他们落后于人。
举例2:还有一些公司专注健康问题，比如为口腔问题设计的牙刷，运动设计的健身设备，还有提升空气 质量的机器，杀菌的香皂。所有这些产品都没有广告推广的用处大，但是在有健康担忧的人们那里欢迎。
- sell products 卖产品
- satisfy some needs of consumers 满足顾客的需求
- give an exaggerated account of functions 夸大产品的功能描述
- emphasise the educational benefits强调教育好处
- improve air quality提升空气质量
- health concerns健康担忧
One common strategy adopted by advertisers to sell products is to give an exaggerated account of functions and suggest that these products can satisfy some needs of consumers. Advertising firms conduct research on the basic needs of people for money and health. Some companies, for example, promote their products by emphasising the educational benefits, and people buy these products, fearing that they may lag behind others if they are not knowledgeable enough. Similarly, there are a broad range of products designed for dealing with health issues, such as toothpaste for oral health, fitness equipment for work-outs, machines for improving air quality indoor, and soap for killing germs. All these products may not be as powerful as promoted by advertising, but they are popular with people who have health concerns.
2.2 A广告说这是时尚的东西，B大家希望自己合群，C购买
背景：人类是社会动物，他们融入社群会感到有安全感。
解释（A-B): —些广告商利用技巧宣传自己的产品非常时髦，或者发起针对目标顾客特点的营销活动。如果人们看到这个广告符合他们的特征，他们可能就会买广告商品。
解释（B-C):他们觉得他们需要遵守组群的规则。否则他们和同组的人没有共同话题。
举例：一个高科技产品广告说他们的产品被大多数家庭主妇使用，女人很难抗拒诱惑不去买它。
- a sense of security 安全感
- fit into a group 融入组群
- hi-tech gadget 高科技产品
- resist the temptation抵抗诱惑
Advertising also influences consumers by tapping into their need to belong. Humans are social animals, and derive a sense of security from fitting into a group , they think they belong to. Advertisers sometimes use statistics to show how popular a product is among some people, or launch campaigns featuring people who have the same characteristics as intended consumers. If viewers identify with the characters in TV commercials, they would possibly buy advertised products. They believe that it is a group norm, and something that they need to conform to. Otherwise, they do not have talking points with other members of the same group. For example, if advertising suggests that a hi-tech gadget is used by a majority of housewives, it is difficult for a woman to resist the temptation to buy it.
2.3 A广告使用明星代言，B大家觉得自己可以提升，C购买
背景：羡慕名人的人们可能会买和他们同样的产品，因为那些知名人士非常有魅力，身材很好也很聪明
举例1：一些年轻顾客买体育明星代言的功能饮料，因为他们强烈认为喝这些饮料会提升他们在比赛和竞争 中的体能和表现。
举例2:女生会买名人推广的:电视化妆品，配饰和衣服，她们认为穿戴这些产品可以让她们好看。
- high-profile figures 高调的人
- enhance their own physical strength and performance in…提高他们的 体能和表现
- energy drinks功能饮料
- improve appearance变得好看
Another way to sway consumers to buy something is celebrity endorsement. People who admire celebrities may think purchasing the same products as those high-profile figures can become glamorous, physically fit and intelligent. Some young consumers, for instance, purchase energy drinks advocated by sports stars, as they strongly believe that these drinks can enhance their own physical strength and performance in games and competitions. Girls, by contrast, purchase cosmetics, accessories and outfits promoted by supermodels and TV personalities, believing that wearing all these products can improve appearance.
2.4 A广告利用大家的攀比心理,B将某些产品打造成地位象征,C购买
背景：人们将产品和自信连在一起，尤其在收入差距不断增大的国家里。
解释（A-B):如果他们能买奢侈品，他们感觉有一种满足感和骄傲。为了满足这些顾客的心理需求，广告 产业会制造一些名牌，以高端市场为目标。
解释（B-C):如果人们觉得这些牌子是地位的标志，他们就会大量花费在这些产品上面。
- promote status symbols 社会地位
- self-esteem 自尊心
- feel a sense of satisfaction and pride 有满足感 和自豪感
- afford some luxury brands 购买一些奢侈品
- cater for the psychological needs 满足心理需求
- create premium brands创造优质产品
Advertising also taps into social comparison of people and build some brands as status symbols. People associate the possession of some products with self-esteem, especially in economies where the income gap is widening. They feel a sense of satisfaction and pride, if they can afford some luxury brands. To cater for the psychological needs of these consumers, the advertising industry has sought to create a
number of premium brands which target the high end market. If people perceive these brands as a marker of status, they will spend lavishly on these items.
2.5 A广告提供大量的信息,B让好的产品更加出众,C购买
背景：广告通过提供给产品的信息（特征，产品和服务的优势），縮小买家和供货商的距离。
解释（A-B):顾客可以根据广告上提供的提示做出明确的决定。一些产品比竞争者的产品在质量、持久性 还有其他一些标准表现更好。
解释（B-C):这就会有个良性循环：有好的产品的商家盈利能力强，能維持市场花费的支出。因为市场 維持了一个品牌的意识，顾客就会继续购买，为这些产品的提升提供钱。
- shape consumer behaviour 形成用户行为
- reliable, well-known brands 依赖的，知名品牌
- make well-informed decisions 做出明确的决定
- branded products 知名品牌产品
- virtuous cycle 良性循环
- brand awareness 品牌知名度
Advertising can also shape consumer behaviour by helping them choose reliable, well-known brands. Advertising bridges the gap between buyers and suppliers by providing information about the functions, features and advantages of some products and services. Consumers can make well-informed decisions with the tips provided by advertisers, and some branded products which outperform rivals in quality, durability and other standards will stand out over time. This can form a virtuous cycle: the manufacturer of a better product is normally more profitable and capable of sustaining the expenditure on marketing. As marketing maintains the awareness of a brand, consumers will continue to buy it and provide money required for the upgrading of this product.
3 雅思写作媒体类观点论据：新闻
3.1 新闻不可信
3.1.1 A新闻媒体是由政府或一些国家的政党控制的，B会扭曲事实，C新闻不可靠
解释（A-B):当局有时审查揭露政治丑闻或批评政府政策的新闻文章。
解释（A-B):有权势的政客可以通过撤回资金来影响新闻机构，因此新闻机构面临着压力，要求它们对这 些政治人物进行正面报道。
解释（A-B):在某些情况下，政府甚至可以关闭一些报纸或电视台，因为他们不遵守命令或不以政府所 要求的方式去操纵观众。
结果：新闻是有偏见的，公众不能从媒体得到真相。
news media, political parties, news articles, political scandals, news outlets, political figures, manipulate the audience
Sometimes news is unreliable since news media is controlled by the government or by political parties in some countries. The authorities sometimes censor news articles which expose political scandals or criticize government policy. Powerful politicians can influence news organizations by increasing or withdrawing funding, so news outlets are under pressure to portray these political figures in a positive
light. In some cases, the government can even shut down some newspapers or TV stations for not complying with orders or reporting news to manipulate the audience in the ways demanded by the government. As a result, the news is biased and the public cannot get the truth from the media.
3.1.2 A私人公司来经营媒体，B这些公司的终极目标是利益最大化，C新闻报导失实
背景：公司为了盈利，非常在意市场的需求
解释（B-C)：不惜制作假新闻，散步谣言，甚至是夸大事实以吸引更多的读者和观众以追求更高的收视率 和销量。这样，他们所提供的新闻报道不再客观。
economic profit, news agencies, market demands, fake news, spread rumours, give an exaggerated account, high ratings
Another reason why news is sometimes not credible is that in some countries news media relies on the sponsorship of private companies, whose ultimate target is to seek maximum economic profit. These news agencies are obedient to market demands, and more often than not, the news they select may create fake news, spread rumours or even giving an exaggerated account of a news event, to draw the attention of the readers and audiences and entertain them, in pursuit of high audience ratings and sales. As a result, the news reports provided by these news media companies are no longer reliable.
3.1.3 A网络媒体成为主流媒体之一 ，B网络媒体没有得到很好的监管，C新闻信息失实
背景：每个人都可以在网络媒体上传播信息，可能会扭曲事实的真相。网络监管者没有资源去检查每天网 络上产生的数以千万计的新的帖子。
背景：很多人利用网络传播信息比较快的特点
举例：一些不择手段的记者甚至编造故事，比如一些名人的婚外情，希望以此来吸引读者的注意力，追求 名利。
source of information, digital news, spread information, distort facts, make up stories, extra-marital affairs, gain fame
Online news is not widely accepted as a reliable source of information since digital news is not well regulated. Everyone can spread information via social networking sites and Internet watchdogs do not have resources to check millions of new postings which are created on a daily basis. Some individuals or organizations also deliberately make use of network media which sometimes helps to spread news faster than print media. This provides the possibility of distorting the facts. For example, some unscrupulous journalists even make up stories, such as extra-marital affairs of some celebrities, in hopes of attracting readers’ attention and gaining fame.
3.1.4 新闻机构可能有政治色彩，有宣传作用
political propaganda, politically controlled
Some news organisations are politically controlled. The news stories they produce are possibly used as political propaganda.
3.2 新闻对人们的影响
3.2.1 看新闻可以增加知识
背景：人生活很忙，很难每天去不同的地方了解世界。
解释：新闻可以让人们与时倶进，知道世界大事，包括科技、经济、政治。结果：可以做更加合适的决定。
keep pace with times, technological advances, economic events, political affairs, make well-informed decisions
Reading news can expose people to knowledge. It is difficult for an average person to visit different places to learn about the world, as they live a busy life. Reading or watching news enables them to keep pace with times and get to know technological advances, economic events, political affairs and other current issues. With such knowledge, they are capable of making well-informed decisions.
3.2.2 看新闻可能被误导
解释1：可能因为政治压力或者商业利益，新闻故意扭曲事实或者捏造一些信息去误导读者。
解释2：记者有自己的主观想法（由价值观、政治立场），有些时候在报道新闻有失偏颇。
结果：对世界了解不准确。
manipulate the public, twist facts, make up fake news, distort view, political pressure, give a balanced account, biased views, personal values, political opinions
News sometimes can manipulate the public. News media may twist facts or even make up fake news to distort the audience’s view of some issues, possibly because news organisations are under political pressure or do that for commercial interests. Another reason is that reporters sometimes are not able to give a balanced account of news events since they have biased views-affected by their personal values and political opinions. As a consequence, people may not gain correct information by reading news.
3.2.3 看新闻提升批判性思維
解释1：不同的报纸对同一事件不同的描述、解读和分析，甚至褒贬不一，让人们知道一个事情不同角度分 析，结论可能不同。
解释2：知道世界不同国家对同一个事情处理方法，让我们知道对一个东西的看法多样性。
结果：人们在阅读信息的时候会带着批判的眼光，不会盲目下结论，思考问题更加深入。
critical thinking skills, contrasting views, arrive at different conclusions, think deeply, leap to a conclusion
Reading news can improve critical thinking skills. News outlets can describe, interpret and analyse the same news events in different ways, and show contrasting views; therefore, people will understand that they may arrive at different conclusions when seeing an issue from different perspectives. Meanwhile, by reading or watching news, people may realise that a problem can be tackled by individuals, organisations or countries in diverse ways, and they will understand the importance of comparing different solutions. This means that they are able to evaluate information critically and think deeply about the quality of information, instead of leaping to a conclusion.
4 雅思写作媒体类观点论据：电视、电影对人们的影响
4.1 A看电视或者看电影，B增加知识，C开拓视野
解释（A-B)电视节目和电影，尤其是些在其他国家的制作的，给观众们展示了世界文化的多样性，展 现在价值观，信仰，习俗和生活的方方面面
解释（A-B)—些纪录片，历史史诗电影和世界著名历史人物的电影，提供给观众有关于科技，历史事件, 还有在历史上占有一席之地的人的相关信息
- widen knowledge and broaden horizons 扩宽知识和眼界
- the diversity of the world’s cultures 世界文化的多样性
- world-famous figures世界知名人物
- have a place in history在历史上有一席之位
- provide viewers with information and technology 给观赏者提供知识和科技
The benefit of watching TV and going to the cinema is that people can widen knowledge and broaden horizons. TV programmes and films, especially those made in other countries, show the audience the diversity of the world’s cultures, which are shown in values, beliefs, customs and ways of life. Some documentaries, history epic films and films about world-famous figures are informative, providing viewers with information about technology, historical events as well as people who have a place in history. They may not have this kind of knowledge unless they like reading.
4.2 A看电视或者看电影，B放松，C休闲
解释（A-B)电视剧，喜剧电影可以帮助人们远离单调的日常生活。电影可以让他们大笑，有时候让他们 感动到哭，让他们远离工作放松几小时
解释（A-B)看3D电影是个非凡的视觉体验，因为电影制作人使用了特效，电影院里面有大屏幕和扬声器。 这给人们提供了一种解脱单调生活的方式
get away from the monotony of daily lives 远离无聊的生活
an exceptional visual experience 非凡的视觉体验
use specialeffect用特效
a form of escapism解脱单调生活的方式
Watching TV or movies is also a pastime which allows people to feel relaxed. TV drama, comedy films and action movies can help people get away from the monotony of daily lives. Films make them laugh and sometimes move them to tears, taking their minds off work for a couple of hours. Watching some 3D films is an exceptional visual experience as filmmakers use special effect and the cinema has big screens as well as loud speakers. This can offer people a form of escapism.
4.3 A看电视或者看电影，B增加和家人朋友的交流，C提升人际关系
背景：现在人们每天都生活很忙，花很多时间和人家做休闲活动是很不现实的，但是在家看电视可以帮助 弥补逐渐变少的家庭时间
解释（A-B)人们可以和他们的家人享受一些电视节目，尤其是看肥皂剧，情景喜剧给家人带来欢乐。他们会感到很放松，当他们一起大笑的时候会感到亲近
解释（A-B)去电影院还是个很好的社交活动，一些大片会成为人们的谈资
- benefit one’s family and social relationships 对—个人的家庭和社会关系有好处
- lead a busy life 导致了繁忙的生活
- compensate for dwinding family time 弥补了家庭时间
- watch soap operas and sitcoms 看肥皂剧和情景喜剧
- experience a sense of closeness 体验亲密感
- blockbuster films 大片电影
- talking points 话题
Watching films or TV can sometimes benefit one’s family life and social relationships. As people lead a busy life every day, it is less realistic to spend hours doing leisure activities with family, but watching TV at home can compensate for dwindling family time. People can enjoy some TV shows with their family, and watching soap operas and sitcoms, in particular, provides some amusement for family.
They feel relaxed and experience a sense of closeness when laughing together. Going to the cinema with friends is a social activity, and some blockbuster films serve as talking points among people.
4.4 A看电影和电视，B影响大家对世界的看法，C影响行为
解释（A-B) —些人无法分清现实和他们在屏幕上面看到的故事
举例1：一些青少年或许会模仿动作片的暴力行为，而不知道他们的行为的全部后果
举例2：有些人或许没有意识到他们看得关于历史人物的或者外国国家的电影，并不能反映全部的事实。
这些电影会造成刻板印象
- affect people’s behavior 影响人们的行为
- shape their views 形成他们的观点
- realise the differences between realities and stories 意识到显示和故事的不同
- copy the acts of the violence模仿暴力行为
- know the full consequences of their behaviour 知道他们行为的全部后果
- historical figures 历史人物
- create stereotypes创造刻板印象
TV programmers and films can sometimes affect people’s behavior by shaping their views about the world. Some people fail to realize the differences between realities and stories they watch on screen. For example, some teenagers may copy the acts of violence of characters in action films without knowing the full consequences of their behaviour. Some people may sometimes not be aware that the films they watch about some historical figures or foreign countries do not reflects all facts. These films may create stereotypes.
4.5 A看太多电影，B浪费人们的时间，C影响工作和学习
解释（A-B) —些人看电视剧会入迷，因为他们对故事的结尾很感兴趣，会被情节所吸引，这就会浪费一 些宝贵的时间，他们可以用这些时间做更多有意义的事情，比如阅读
解释（B-C)长时间地看屏幕会对视力有损害，使得他们工作或者学习效率低下。这尤其对青少年有害， 这些青少年不够自律
- waste time 浪费时间
- interfere with work and studies 干扰工作和学习
- be addicted to doing sth 沉迷于做某事
- undermine one’s ability to work or study 削弱工作或者学习的能力
- well-disciplined 自律
Binge watching will waste time and interfere with work and studies. Some people are addicted to watching some TV series, as they are curious about the ending of the story and attracted to plots. This can take away valuable time they can spend in more meaningful activities, such as reading. Long screen time can also impair vision and undermine one’s ability to work or study effectively. This is especially harmful for teenagers who are not well-disciplined.
4.6 A看电视和电影，B不和别人交流，C影响交流能力
解释（A-B):小孩关注电视和电影，不和小伙伴交流，不社交 解释（A-B):也不看书，也会影响词汇量
解释（A-B):家人盯着电视，不注意交流特定化：特别是现在大家可以手机看电影等
Watching TV and films can undermine people’s social skills and affect children’s social development adversely. Children pay attention to films and TV programmes, instead of spending time socialising with their peers. Meanwhile, they hardly read books and cannot develop a vocabulary from a young age, since their favourite programmes, such as cartoon films, do not teach them a repertoire of new words. Finally, people gaze at the screen to watch their favourite TV shows, while ignoring the interactions with their family. These problems have become more serious than ever before since they can watch all these films and TV series now on the phone.